{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:31:16Z","timestamp":1768570276394,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":45,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prior studies have demonstrated associations between helminths and mycobacterial infections, suggesting a can alter the susceptibility do mycobacterial infection or disease. Our goal was to assess the association of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection with parasitic infections in a highly endemic area for Hansen\u2019s disease in Minas Gerais, Brazil.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adults and children ages 3 years and older were enrolled from communities in Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and nearby municipalities. Questionnaires on demographics and infection history were administered. Serological reactivity against\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and parasitic infections was assessed by multiplexed bead assay (MBA). Data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression with both anti-LID-1 antibody positivity and history of HD as outcomes in separate models. Exposures in the analysis included history of parasites (both antibody results and self-reports) and several pertinent socio-demographics like area of residence (i.e. urban vs. rural).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Of 1,311 enrollees, 72 (5.5%) reported a prior history of HD, 94 (7.2%) tested positive for anti-LID-1, 836 (63.8%) reported having one or more parasitic diseases in the past, 153 (11.7%) tested positive for antibodies to schistosoma egg antigen (SEA), and 69 (5.3%) for antibodies to the\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen NIE. There was an association between rural residence and history of HD (aOR, 1.97, CI: 1.14 \u2013 3.38). Rural residence and anti-LID-1 also showed a positive assocation (aOR 1.79, CI: 1.07-3.38). While not statistically significant, there was a positive association between anti-LID-1 and NIE antibodies (aOR 1.57, CI: 0.69-3.57), and a negative association between anti-LID-1 and SEA antibodies (aOR 0.79, CI: 0.38 - 1.61).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study utilized a novel methodology (multiplex bead assay) to simultaneously measure seroreactivity among various pathogens. While we did not find that a history of HD and anti-LID-1 positivity were associated with seropositivity to NIE or SEA, our study found a high burden of several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). There was also a strong association with rural residence and LID-1 positivity. This warrants further investigation into the prevalence and epidemiology of\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, as well as potential spatial and environmental risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.26.25330341","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T15:50:11Z","timestamp":1751039411000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium leprae<\/i>\n                  infection, Hansen\u2019s disease, and helminth infections: A cross-sectional study in southeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Audra","family":"Bass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heloine","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena B. 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