{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:29:31Z","timestamp":1789057771529,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"group-title":"Epidemiology","reference-count":30,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We characterized modifiable risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in India.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using the first nationally representative population-based longitudinal sample of N=6,168 older adults in India, we evaluated associations of risk factors (demographic characteristics, self-reported and objective health characteristics, health behaviors, and sensory function) for late-life cognitive decline with up to 6.4 years of follow-up (range: 2.8 to 6.4 years).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean rate of general cognitive decline was -0.029 SD per year, and was progressively steeper with age. Most risk factors, particularly demographic and cardiovascular characteristics, were associated with steeper cognitive decline in expected directions: associations of history of high cholesterol or heart attack on rate of cognitive decline, for example, were comparable to being 11-12 years older.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most risk factors were associated with change in expected directions, highlighting the potential generalizability to India of previously identified risk factors for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.07.25331027","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T22:35:13Z","timestamp":1752186913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk and protective factors against cognitive decline in older adults from a nationally representative sample in India: Results from the LASI-DAD"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Alden L.","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Arce","family":"Renter\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranali Y.","family":"Khobragade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Ganguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Crimmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmistha","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparajit Ballav","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinkook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"LASI-DAD Authorship Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.010"},{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052825"},{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020525"},{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi187"},{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2018.1477355"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.7","first-page":"685","article-title":"Design and methodology of the harmonized diagnostic assessment of dementia for the longitudinal aging study in India: Wave 2","volume":"73","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170290","article-title":"Physical Activity in Midlife is not Associated with Cognitive Health in Later Life Among Cognitively Normal Older Adults","volume":"59","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025071203501222000_2025.07.07.25331027v1.9","unstructured":"United Nations. 2024 World Population Prospects. 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