{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:18:49Z","timestamp":1790565529233,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":61,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["F32HD117584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HD117584"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["5T32AI007417-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AI007417-29"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["75N93021C00045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00045"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Avian influenza H5N1 has pandemic potential and historically has caused more severe disease in pregnant women than the general population. With increasing transmission of H5N1 detected among placental mammals, animal models are necessary for testing countermeasures, including during pregnancy. Pregnant outbred mice were infected with a contemporary strain of bovine H5N1 during the second or third trimester equivalent. Second trimester infection caused\n                  <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission, with infectious virus detected in the uterus, placenta, and fetus. Birth following third trimester infection resulted in offspring with decreased size, neurodevelopmental delays, and adolescent behavioral impairments, with infectious virus detected in the neonatal milk ring and lungs, as well as mammary tissues. H5N1 viral protein colocalized with trophoblast cells in the placenta and epithelial cells in mammary tissue that spatially overlapped with lectins for \u03b12,3-linked SA. With the pandemic potential of H5N1, our vertical transmission model in placental mammals is essential for understanding viral spread and evaluating treatments during pregnancy.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.07.663583","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T01:40:10Z","timestamp":1751938810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trimester-Dependent Vertical Transmission of H5N1 Influenza Virus Through Placental and Mammary Routes Impairs Offspring Development"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5721-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany A.","family":"Seibert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"W. 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Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabal","family":"Chaulagain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaiprasath","family":"Sachithanandham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosette","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Coughlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Webby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack R.","family":"Harkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3248-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Pekosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. 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