{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:46:55Z","timestamp":1768571215523,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"group-title":"Cardiovascular Medicine","reference-count":13,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knowing how All of Us (AoU) Research Program participants differ in demographics and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the U.S population is important for cardiovascular researchers using these data, and to provide context to their findings.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included AoU participants enrolled between May 2017-June 2022. \u2018AoU Survey\u2019 cohort included participants who completed the Personal and Family Health History survey (N=185,232). \u2018AoU EHR\u2019 included participants with linked EHR data (N = 287,012). We identified cardiovascular risk factors and established CVD through survey questions in \u2018AoU Survey\u2019 and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and SNOMED codes for \u2018AoU EHR\u2019. Prevalence was compared to the weighted NHANES 2017-March 2020 cycle (N=9,683 representing 248 million), overall and by demographic sub-groups.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2018AoU Survey\u2019 and \u2018AoU EHR\u2019 were both older than NHANES (56.1\u00b117 years and 57.6\u00b117 years versus 47.5\u00b118 years) with more female participants. Black participants were underrepresented in \u2018AoU Survey\u2019. Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in \u2018AoU Survey\u2019 and NHANES were similar overall, but lower when stratified by age and among female participants. Black participants had higher rates of many comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure than the U.S Black population, but lower chronic kidney disease. \u2018AoU EHR\u2019 with its code-based identification had distinctly higher prevalence of most cardiovascular comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AoU includes more historically underrepresented groups, as intended. However, researchers should understand that demographic composition and disease prevalence change based on data availability and how conditions are ascertained.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.22.25331985","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:05:42Z","timestamp":1753315542000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Risk Factors and Established Cardiovascular Disease Among All of Us Participants: Benchmarking Against National Estimates"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Mengjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tinsae","family":"Admassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harlan M","family":"Krumholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthik","family":"Murugiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1809937"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234962"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.3","unstructured":"Prevention UCfDCa. US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey."},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.4","unstructured":"4. SNOMED International. (2024). SNOMED CT. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/healthit\/snomedct\/snomed_overview.html."},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11865","DOI":"10.2196\/11865","article-title":"Socioeconomic Status and Racial or Ethnic Differences in Participation: Web-Based Survey","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac046","article-title":"Comparing medical history data derived from electronic health records and survey answers in the All of Us Research Program","volume":"29","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00069-0"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-017-0130-z","article-title":"Addressing Bias in Electronic Health Record-based Surveillance of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Finding the Signal Through the Noise","volume":"4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Epidemiology Reports"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021724","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021724","article-title":"Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Racial and Other Underrepresented Groups: Initial Results From the All of Us Research Program","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J , Ferguson EL , Buto P et al. Sociodemographic, health-related, and clinical characteristics and their associations with mortality among all of us participants compared with the United States general population. Am J Epidemiol 2025.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaf118"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad260","article-title":"Comparison of phenomic profiles in the All of Us Research Program against the US general population and the UK Biobank","volume":"31","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.006"},{"key":"2025111716050678000_2025.07.22.25331985v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.035"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.07.22.25331985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:41:20Z","timestamp":1768509680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.07.22.25331985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"references-count":13,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.07.22.25331985","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}