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We demonstrate reduced signal from out-of-focus cells, that contaminates voltage activity for in-focus cells of interest, with pHiLo compared to traditional widefield recordings taken with uniform illumination and pseudo-widefield (pWF) reconstructions. We discuss tradeoffs between signal-to-background ratio, signal-to-noise ratio and temporal resolution for pHiLo in the context of high-speed voltage imaging in awake mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.24.666645","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:10Z","timestamp":1753920010000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Voltage Imaging with Periodic Structured Illumination"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Forest","family":"Speed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alec","family":"Teel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory L.","family":"Futia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025080114400783000_2025.07.24.666645v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05828-9"},{"key":"2025080114400783000_2025.07.24.666645v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.03.009"},{"key":"2025080114400783000_2025.07.24.666645v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav6416"},{"key":"2025080114400783000_2025.07.24.666645v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.01.021","article-title":"Sequential activity of CA1 hippocampal cells constitutes a temporal memory map for associative learning in mice","volume":"34","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2025080114400783000_2025.07.24.666645v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. 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