{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:53:32Z","timestamp":1785405212174,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":138,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["203249\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203249\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZEN-18-529769 (PHStGH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZEN-18-529769 (PHStGH)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PHStGH 406915, PEF, MI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHStGH 406915, PEF, MI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AG043617 RFIAG058852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG043617 RFIAG058852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32AI148099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI148099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01AG072572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG072572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01AG072572-04S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG072572-04S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01NS093382 RF1AG053391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS093382 RF1AG053391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Project","award":["DP160100011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP160100011"]}]},{"award":["CSO-MOH #30000-12631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSO-MOH #30000-12631"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016n0q862","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  We report the results of structural, functional and genetic studies on the CD33 sialic acid- binding receptor that reveal how non-coding variants in CD33 alter risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). The full-length CD33\n                  <jats:sup>M<\/jats:sup>\n                  isoform, whose expression is upregulated by non-coding AD-risk alleles, preferentially forms dimers at the cell surface, where they interact with AD-related proteins (clusterin and A\u03b2). This interaction induces CD33\n                  <jats:sup>M<\/jats:sup>\n                  inhibitory signalling and downregulates protective microglial functions including phagocytic removal of amyloid plaques. Human brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and causal mediation analyses confirm that quantitative interactions between CLU and CD33 genotypes modulate AD phenotypes and suggest that genotypes at these loci might be used to personalise future therapeutic approaches. Our work also highlights several other unexpected aspects of CD33 biology, including a soluble shed extracellular fragment of CD33\n                  <jats:sup>M<\/jats:sup>\n                  and a similar soluble secreted product arising from a truncating mutation in the CD33 extracellular domain (CD33\n                  <jats:sup>M\u03944bp<\/jats:sup>\n                  ).\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.29.667318","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T20:20:24Z","timestamp":1753993224000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CD33 and clusterin interact biophysically and genetically to modulate Alzheimer risk"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanayo","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Acheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sayn-Wittgenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie J.","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George V.","family":"Dukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronak","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alondra Schweizer","family":"Burguete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mason J.","family":"Kralovec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamunur","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin A.","family":"Tamucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zena K.","family":"Chatila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badri N.","family":"Vardarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko F.","family":"Taga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirkku","family":"Pollari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Rabinovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cory D.","family":"Rillahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Bobkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Sergienko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Meadows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne J.","family":"Randle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Sevalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Bohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiko","family":"Ikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunde","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Herz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan A.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Satapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9551-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Javitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip L.","family":"De Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvi","family":"Fishelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley B.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"St George-Hyslop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425273"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1860-14.2014"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102419-035900"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3737"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2022.101111"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.09.010"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00443-6"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15349"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23968"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.04.014"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0205096"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210602200"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601714200"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20060103"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80071-4"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.10.009"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215055"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12255"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.3536"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa209"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0311-9"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2802"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3916"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211851"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.14.21253553"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22491-8"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1224-13.2013"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt666"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3435"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4126"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.31.18803"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.07.023"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.8.2005.bloodjournal8582005"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304331200"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-334"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2014.06.001"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2479"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.799346"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwq220"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01081-y"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1569232"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02000-4"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.023"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006270"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2021.09.003"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.517540"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201707673"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201707672"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026102118"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00501"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141965"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101960"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560061007"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-7-3"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.201"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.439"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.440"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.015"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.622209"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi5008172"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006312"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.63","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Heat Shock Proteins in the Brain: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroprotection","volume":"3","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105031"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2994-18.2019"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80861-2"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwz084"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.625348"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811698106"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12392"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2191"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000815)50:4<305::AID-JEMT10>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.2.483.014k40_483_490","article-title":"Myeloid specific human CD33 is an inhibitory receptor with differential ITIM function in recruiting the phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2","volume":"96","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.17.11505"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2007.00682.x"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2023.109920"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi301277k"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1202-06.2006"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.07.010"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40048"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.10.008"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-54"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.803"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.801"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2802"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.8.1467"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau2291"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav6221"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0301-5"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012308"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72034"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.6875"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.03.034"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2014.04.001"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2018.1452911"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2017.06.007"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22988"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01053-8"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444906029799"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21596"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2010.05.003"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(92)90062-I"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444913015308"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909047337"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004714005550"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807021206"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910051218"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S090744490705024X"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444912001308"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910007493"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004714028132"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.113","unstructured":"Schrodinger, LLC. The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System, Version 1.7.4 (2015)."},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.03.004"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.115","unstructured":"Theisen, A. , Johann, C. , Deacon, M. P. & Harding, S. E . Refractive Increment Data-Book for Polymer and Biomolecular Scientists., (Nottingham University Press, 2000)."},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914984107"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1774"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1900642"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC02976K"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006517117"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.09.016"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2018.01.012"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1237"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.101926"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.23.600281"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0297-x"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.03.042"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.142"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4632"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179939"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.2.198"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000096129"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206833"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25380"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab092"},{"key":"2025080202251064000_2025.07.29.667318v1.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909042073"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.07.29.667318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:14:18Z","timestamp":1768468458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.07.29.667318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":138,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.07.29.667318","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}