{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:51:28Z","timestamp":1790157088111,"version":"4.0.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":125,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI157981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI157981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["DK136201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK136201"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["DK138748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK138748"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD111236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD111236"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Urinary tract infections (UTIs), primarily caused by uropathogenic\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  (UPEC), are among the most common antibiotic-resistant infections. Despite this, currently available preclinical UTI models lack the breadth of morphotypic and heterogenous cell populations of the human bladder, impairing the development of novel therapies. To address these limitations, we developed human bladder organoids derived from the bladder stem cells of multiple healthy donors which recapitulate cellular diversity of the urothelium. Using bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing, we characterized organoid responses to UPEC and phage exposure individually and in combination to model phage therapy. Although phage minimally affected the uroepithelium in the absence of infection, during UTI, phage treatment reduced bacterial burdens and dampened inflammatory responses and barrier disruption. Collectively, our findings highlight human bladder organoids as a tool for capturing conserved and individual-specific uroepithelial responses to infection while also providing preclinical efficacy and safety testing for therapeutic development.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.30.667685","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T05:40:11Z","timestamp":1753940411000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Human bladder organoids model urinary tract infection and bacteriophage therapy"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3758-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Zulk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1915-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare M.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3439-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Ottinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Kambal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9571-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra Rivera","family":"Tostado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allyson E.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4183-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Coarfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Blutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4452-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Maresso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Patras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-5029(03)90000-9"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.09.003"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(02)01055-0"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa66"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001209.pub2"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.04.088"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.691210"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00067-15"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00327.2009"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/W342BWMDMDDBCTVH"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13170"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06075-11"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00884-19"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008247"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37696-2"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803595116"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13219"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076232"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.65"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.750-757.2006"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19690-7"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-3034-x"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi9834"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1128132"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01049-12"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001187"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00549-0"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00062-22"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.31","first-page":"91","article-title":"Bacteriophage as a Therapeutic Agent in Genito-Urinary Infections: Part II","volume":"36","year":"1932","journal-title":"Cal West Med"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(35)90928-X"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1928.00130140051002"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1260"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.04.008"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.639570"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47192-w"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa389"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01403-9"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7082845"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02607"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0156"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac368"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03474-20"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01874-17"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2021.1902266"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35859-6"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65867-4"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305923110"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102287"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002341"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02057-3"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300867110"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145301"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.56","unstructured":"Human Protein Atlas. (2025). www.proteinatlas.org."},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00565-0"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13007"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019040335"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-023-01535-6"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-68505-7_3"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-021-00260-5"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.008"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308125100"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084550"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.12.2803"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1494"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66481"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00327-18"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00381.x"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202302323"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01230.x"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.6.899","article-title":"Neutrophil recruitment, chemokine receptors, and resistance to mucosal infection","volume":"69","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155641"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04396-0"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.12.006"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2011.09.005"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.771118"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.950326"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111637"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201810120"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104607"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2155"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.240671"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.6689-6695.2001"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftae026"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00209-9"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00341.2003"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnv242"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060627"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46151"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02537"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102049"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.94","unstructured":"Phage Therapy for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection. (2022). In C. Applied Health Research, ed."},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S338298"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1782"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03511-0"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00740-17"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05339-11"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12047"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040329"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1975.tb01057.x"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4572-4579.2001"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109351"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3887"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2156"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.124"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2012.0053"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0130OC"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201505"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122998"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.112","first-page":"61","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of the interaction between vesical epitherlium and E. Coli","volume":"17","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-32-2-135"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(85)92997-4"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071036"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.116","first-page":"31","article-title":"Effective phage therapy is associated with normalization of cytokine production by blood cell cultures","volume":"48","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08336-9"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030490"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101340"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)36896-9"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.27196"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00211-21"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499342"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00932-19"},{"key":"2025080104050802000_2025.07.30.667685v1.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00345-22"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.07.30.667685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:13:55Z","timestamp":1768468435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.07.30.667685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":125,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.07.30.667685","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}