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The molecular mechanisms governing the formation of such \u201cbody maps\u201d remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the cell surface proteins teneurin-3 and latrophilin-2 are expressed in opposing gradients aligning with the somatotopic map in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Genetic manipulation of these proteins in spinal dorsal horn or sensory neurons distorts the somatotopy of neuronal connections and impairs accurate localisation of a noxious stimulus on the surface of the body. 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