{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:17:21Z","timestamp":1785403041642,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"group-title":"Plant Biology","reference-count":64,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["5T32AT004094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AT004094"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00190t495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["D43TW009672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009672"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xey9a22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Ferula violacea<\/jats:italic>\n                  Korovin, an endemic Tajikistani plant with purported medicinal properties, remains understudied. This study employs untargeted metabolomics to characterize the metabolite profiles of ethanol extracts and juices from\n                  <jats:italic>F. violacea<\/jats:italic>\n                  roots and seeds. In total, 540 distinct metabolites are putatively identified, 419 of which are previously unreported in the\n                  <jats:italic>Ferula<\/jats:italic>\n                  genus, representing a substantial expansion of its known chemical diversity. The most abundant metabolites are terpenoids, amino acid derivatives, and alkaloids. A particularly abundant group of daucane sesquiterpenoids, sharing a common (6-methyl-azulen-4-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylate substructure, is identified, including known metabolites such as ferutidin and ferutinin. Comparative analysis reveals organ-specific metabolic specialization: roots are enriched in terpenoids, whereas seeds exhibit higher concentrations of alkaloids and amino acids. Additionally, processing methods influence metabolite composition, with ethanol extracts being rich in terpenoids and amino acids, and juices displaying a greater diversity of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. These findings expand the phytochemical richness of\n                  <jats:italic>F. violacea<\/jats:italic>\n                  and suggest its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for pharmacological exploration.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Significance statement<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study presents the first comprehensive untargeted metabolomic analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>Ferula violacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , identifying 419 previously unreported metabolites for the genus and significantly expanding its known chemical diversity. The findings reveal organ- and method-specific metabolic specialization, underscoring the plant\u2019s potential as a valuable source of novel bioactive compounds for pharmacological exploration.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.08.24.671964","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T03:30:14Z","timestamp":1756351814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Organ-Specific and Extraction-Dependent Metabolite Profiles in Endemic Tajik Species\n                  <i>Ferula violacea<\/i>\n                  Korovin"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Sylhiya","family":"Mavlonazarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5309-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat","family":"Abzalimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidbeg","family":"Satorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Dushenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/puj.2024.292672.1250"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2024.101944"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18782\/2582-2845.8995"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53365\/nrfhh\/146009"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2024.106073"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2018.23356"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715249256485231031043722"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41782"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3533\/jrp.2020.120"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020280"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17010037"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1063"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184320"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp163"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2025.01.003"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, D. , N. Keerthi , A. Banerjee , A. K. Duttaroy and S. Pathak (2025). \u201cAn Overview of Cardiovascular Disease Management with Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds.\u201d Plant Derived Bioactive Compounds in Human Health and Disease: 156\u2013176","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003486237-10"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217410"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-016-0174-y"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0344-8"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25005\/2074-0581-2022-24-1-113-122"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28248012"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052413"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-025-04609-2"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaf033\/8106437"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03102-x"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071836"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01045-9"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2002.6446"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1297449"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132168"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18321\/ectj1494"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00399"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00565056","article-title":"Terpenoid coumarins of Ferula violacea and F. eugenii","volume":"15","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chemistry of Natural Compounds"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10633624"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipha.2024.09.007"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02680J"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715249344284241112184703"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892010285343240530040218"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59087-3"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63333-9"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14258\/turczaninowia.23.4.12"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.42","unstructured":"Reaxys, E. (2024). \u201cReaxys chemical database.\u201d Retrieved October 3, 2024, 2024, from https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/products\/reaxys."},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7534071"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70780"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.46","unstructured":"Safarov, N. M. , H. H. Hisoriev and K. Shermatov (2019). \u201cPlant diversity in Tajikistan and present conservation status of their rare and endangered species.\u201d \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a(4): 7\u201320"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jrps.146161"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00580882"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33472\/AFJBS.6.9.2024.3217-3245"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4303\/JDAR\/236424"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2015.12.003"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-016-1469-y"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es5002105"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.54","unstructured":"Seregin, A. P. E. (2023). \u201cMoscow Digital Herbarium: Electronic resource.\u201d Retrieved 03\/02\/2023, 2024, from https:\/\/plant.depo.msu.ru\/."},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharopov, F. and W. N. Setzer (2018). \u201cMedicinal plants of Tajikistan.\u201d Vegetation of Central Asia and environs: 163\u2013209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99728-5_7"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3np00037k"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.57","unstructured":"Swain, M. (2014). \u201cPubChemPy.\u201d Retrieved December 23, 2024, from https:\/\/github.com\/mcs07\/PubChemPy."},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010007"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.59","unstructured":"WFO. (2024). \u201cWorld Flora Online.\u201d Retrieved 25 July, 2024, from https:\/\/wfoplantlist.org."},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-024-04647-0"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202400344"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12628"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1069"},{"key":"2025090113300554000_2025.08.24.671964v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14020155"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.08.24.671964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:08:40Z","timestamp":1782277720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.08.24.671964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.08.24.671964","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/pld3.70123","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}