{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:19:46Z","timestamp":1778620786171,"version":"3.51.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":97,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Objective. Mania symptoms in youth predict poor long-term mental health outcomes, yet their developmental trajectories and associated risk factors remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Methods. Leveraging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N=10,474; 9\u201310 years at baseline; 48% female, 65% white), we used latent growth mixture models to identify trajectories of mania symptoms across two years in early adolescence. We used multinomial logistic regressions to examine associations between trajectories and risk factors across mental and physical health, cognition, and family\/environmental domains.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Results. We identified three trajectories: Low (58%), Moderate (32%), and High\/Variable Mania Symptoms (10%). All mental health symptoms (depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct and oppositional defiant disorders and anxiety), two physical health factors (sleep disturbances, irritable bowel syndrome symptoms), one cognitive factor (verbal learning impairment), and three family\/environmental factors (trauma, parent- and youth-reported family conflict) significantly differentiated between all three trajectories, reflecting incremental increases in risk factor severity with increasing mania symptoms. Other physical, cognitive, family and environmental factors were also associated with more severe mania symptom trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Conclusions. More severe mania symptom trajectories in early adolescence are associated with multiple mental, physical, cognitive, family and environmental risk factors, underscoring the need for comprehensive risk prediction approaches in youth. Keywords: Mania Trajectories, Adolescents, Risk Factors, Longitudinal Study, Epidemiology<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.03.25334998","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T18:30:24Z","timestamp":1757097024000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors Associated with Longitudinal Trajectories of Mania Symptoms in Youth"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Jasmin","family":"D\u00f6nicke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Georg Elias M\u00fcller Institute of Psychology, Georg August University of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriane M","family":"Soehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Jalbrzikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02073-4"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.2","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M . (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00544-1"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.4","unstructured":"Agresti, A . (2013). Categorical data analysis (3rd ed). Wiley."},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14010035"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12205"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13285"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70044"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13121577"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.033"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-024-01804-0"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1996.00251.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13322"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.213"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1636"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.1076"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14179"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01786-4"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18040461"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv092"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08353"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20532"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12100"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05859yel"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06081yel"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.10.019"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.5.459"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/foc.2.4.586"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m06912"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00932.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.578822"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1763"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101209"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00266-5"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.100"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1679"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.721"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.257"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003307"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23516"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2009.6.2.78"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01191.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00261.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016277"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2000.20309.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2013.52A042"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90104-X"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118209"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab010"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.09.005"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.38"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.30.24312859"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722001489"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1976.00357.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.10.012"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.12.1209"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.62","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K. , & Muth\u00e9n, B. O . (2017). Mplus User\u2019s Guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.07.031"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4800024"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.01.022"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.08.036"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409343765"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.34078"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0554-7"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-017-0071-y"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13283"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.6.968"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1126465"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.75","unstructured":"Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey auditory verbal learning test. Western Psychological Services Los Angeles."},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104960"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02129.x"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9520-8"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.04.005"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2024.111877"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.05.009"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004617"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22342"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12358"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.04.017"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.017"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.002"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30569-1"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413516681"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.04.028"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.018"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003217"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.020"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0517"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/arc0000024"},{"key":"2026051213450820000_2025.09.03.25334998v2.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.059"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.09.03.25334998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:45:19Z","timestamp":1778618719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.09.03.25334998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"references-count":97,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.09.03.25334998","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}