{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:24:57Z","timestamp":1785403497249,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":74,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R01 AI042347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI042347"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 DK082889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK082889"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The diarrheal disease cholera remains a global threat, but there is limited knowledge of the innate immune defenses in the small intestine that protect against the causative agent,\n                  <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing of epithelial and immune cells mapped gene expression patterns in the infant mouse small intestine and revealed changes in response to\n                  <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection and prophylactic treatment with an IL22 Fc-fusion protein. Infection increased the abundance of an enterocyte subtype with high expression of defense-associated functions and stimulated production of IL22, a cytokine linked to epithelial integrity, from group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Administration of IL22Fc increased production of vibriocidal Reg3\u03b2 from enterocytes and the abundance of secretory lineage and Muc2-producing goblet cells, which secreted mucus into the intestinal crypts, impairing\n                  <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  association with the epithelium. These IL22-mediated responses limited\n                  <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  intestinal colonization and protected mice from diarrhea and death. Our findings suggest enterocyte specialization in mucosal defense.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single cell studies uncovered specialization of epithelial cells in intestinal defense. The epithelial cell-targeting cytokine IL22 protected mice from cholera by promoting the genesis of mucus secreting cells.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.12.675873","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T04:10:13Z","timestamp":1757736613000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IL-22 promotes genesis of small intestinal secretory cells that protect against cholera in mice"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masataka","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6890-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Tie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2828-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh A.","family":"Shivdasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Waldor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026060104501182000_2025.09.12.675873v3.1","unstructured":"WHO. 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