{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:40:47Z","timestamp":1785436847402,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":19,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["JP24fk0108701, JP24gm1610003, JP24fk0108673, JP24wm0325054, JP25fk0108665, JP25fk0108683, JP25fk0108712, JP25wm0225029, JP25gm1610003, 24fk0108673, JP24wm0325054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0108701, JP24gm1610003, JP24fk0108673, JP24wm0325054, JP25fk0108665, JP25fk0108683, JP25fk0108712, JP25wm0225029, JP25gm1610003, 24fk0108673, JP24wm0325054"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/004rtk039","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["JP22K16382, JP24K19189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K16382, JP24K19189"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The spread of a transmissible plasmid carrying the 23S rRNA methylase gene\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55), which confers inducible macrolide resistance in rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), has raised significant clinical concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55)-carrying plasmids in clinically isolated RGM strains in Japan.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In total, 607 RGM clinical isolates, representing 32 species or complexes, collected between 2019 and 2023 in Japan were examined. To detect the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55)-carrying plasmids, we conducted PCR screening, minimum inhibitory concentration testing for clarithromycin, and whole-plasmid genome sequencing. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to characterise the plasmids.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among the 607 RGM isolates, 0.8% (5\/607) possessed the plasmid with the\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55) gene and exhibited inducible macrolide resistance, with ratios of 100% (1\/1) in\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium murale<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 50% (3\/6) in\n                    <jats:italic>M. obuense<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 0.8% (1\/125) in\n                    <jats:italic>M. chelonae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55)-carrying plasmids ranged from 126,187 to 170,220 bp in size. Pairwise BLASTn comparisons of the\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55)-carrying plasmids showed weighted percent identity values ranging from 99.5% to 99.9%, with query and subject coverage values ranging from 74.2% to 100%. All\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55) sequences (813 bp) were identical and located within a horizontal gene transfer region.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study confirmed the presence of macrolide-resistant RGMs related to the\n                    <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (55)-carrying plasmid in Japan, although the overall prevalence remains low. These findings emphasise the need to consider plasmid-mediated resistance when treating infections caused by the RGM species.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.17.676775","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T05:10:25Z","timestamp":1758172225000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasmid-mediated macrolide resistance among rapidly growing mycobacteria in Japan"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Komine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panuwat","family":"Sathianpitayakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuya","family":"Sakagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsunori","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panan","family":"Ratthawongjirakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Ato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanako","family":"Fukano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.013"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00337-2024"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00149212"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91757-4"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202003-222CME"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05030-11"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00428-23"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.2.175-178.1993"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.9","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for susceptibility testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes. In: CLSI, ed. CLSI M24S: Performance Standards for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes, 2nd ed. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2018."},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00476-24"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty149"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0072-8"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00991-22"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl369"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08510-7"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-1-25"},{"key":"2025092019000620000_2025.09.17.676775v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14880"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.09.17.676775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:35:52Z","timestamp":1768469752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.09.17.676775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.09.17.676775","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}