{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:55:24Z","timestamp":1789844124914,"version":"4.0.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":137,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFE0118600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118600"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62371107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sex-specific characteristics demonstrate a substantial influence on the brain white matter (WM), suggesting distinct structural connectivity patterns between females and males. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography is an important tool in assessing WM connectivity and brain tissue microstructure across different populations. Whole brain tractography analysis for group statistical comparison is a challenging task due to the large number of WM connections. This work studies whole-brain WM connectivity differences between females and males using dMRI tractography. We study a large cohort of 707 subjects from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset. By applying a well-established fiber clustering pipeline and a suprathreshold fiber cluster statistical method, we analyze tracts in the cerebral cortex and understudied pathways like those connecting to the cerebellum. We identify several tracts with significant sex differences in terms of their fractional anisotropy and\/or mean diffusivity. These include deep tracts like the arcuate fasciculus, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum, superficial tracts in the frontal lobe, and cerebellar tracts. Finally, correlation analysis reveals that these WM differences are linked to a range of neurobehavioral measures, with the strongest and most consistent associations observed for motor function, suggesting motor circuits as a potential key focus for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.27.679006","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:45:11Z","timestamp":1759092311000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study of Sex Differences in the Whole Brain White Matter Using Diffusion MRI Tractography and Suprathreshold Fiber Cluster Statistics"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5032-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-440X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarrett","family":"Rushmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4563-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3315-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suheyla","family":"Cetin-Karayumak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl-Fredrik","family":"Westin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Makris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren J.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026010105251509000_2025.09.27.679006v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23241","article-title":"Arcuate fasciculus asymmetry has a hand in language function but not handedness","volume":"37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2026010105251509000_2025.09.27.679006v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.06.021"},{"key":"2026010105251509000_2025.09.27.679006v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.03.013","article-title":"The tract terminations in the temporal lobe: Their location and associated functions","volume":"97","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex; 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