{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:08:36Z","timestamp":1780319316337,"version":"3.54.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":69,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Myopia, influenced by environmental and genetic factors, occurs when the emmetropization process fails to stop, causing excessive eyeball growth. Highly myopic animal models lacking a functional ON-pathway identified\n                  <jats:italic>Dusp4<\/jats:italic>\n                  as a potential gene implicated in myopia. Here, we used a mouse model lacking DUSP4 to gain a better understanding of its retinal role and the mechanisms implicated in myopia development.\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    Dusp4\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  mice have a reduced basal level of retinal dopamine and a higher susceptibility to lens-induced myopia.\n                  <jats:italic>Dusp4<\/jats:italic>\n                  is expressed in ON-bipolar cells and a subset of OFF-bipolar cells in a light dependent manner. The absence of DUSP4 causes a hyperactivation of the MAPK\/ERK pathway.\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    Dusp4\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  mice showed reduced optomotor responses, increased ON-bipolar cell depolarization, reduced oscillatory potentials together with altered OFF and ON-OFF RGC responses to light flashes. These data provide insights into retina-driven mechanisms of myopization, nuancing the impact of ON and OFF pathways upon emmetropization.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.29.678242","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T19:40:18Z","timestamp":1759347618000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increased sensitivity to myopia and altered retinal ON\/OFF balance in a mouse model lacking\n                  <i>Dusp4<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0058-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Wilmet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, 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