{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:50:32Z","timestamp":1789887032821,"version":"4.0.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":53,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["AI175321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI175321"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"P. Allen Distinguished Investigator Award"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014nxkk19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Spatial profiling of proteins and protein interactions is essential for immunology, signaling, development, and cancer. We present Spatial Proximity-Sequencing (Sprox-seq), a multi-omic technique that simultaneously measures proteins, protein complexes and mRNAs, where location of each molecule is also recorded. Sprox-seq profiled 32 proteins, 528 pairwise protein interactions and thousands of mRNAs across human tonsil tissues and germinal centers. Mapping protein interactions recapitulated RNA-defined tissue architecture in germinal centers, but also revealed much higher interaction complexity in the Light zone. Developmental trajectories inferred from protein interactions uncovered a B cell maturation pathway distinct from that inferred by RNA. Integrated protein-complex and mRNA analysis related spatially-enriched complexes with immune regulation and mitotic gene-expression pathways. Furthermore, Sprox-seq captured B cell-Follicular Dendritic Cell interactions mediated by the protein complex VLA-4\u2013VCAM1 in the Light zone. Sprox-seq provides a multi-modal view of cell states and a powerful tool for studying protein and cellular interactions across tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.27.684659","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T19:15:13Z","timestamp":1761678913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatial Proximity Sequencing Maps Developmental Dynamics in the Germinal Center"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Huili","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peer Mohamed Suhail 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