{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:39:27Z","timestamp":1782729567381,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":36,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Versus Arthritis UK","award":["22072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22072"]}]},{"name":"Versus Arthritis UK","award":["22273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22273"]}]},{"name":"Versus Arthritis UK","award":["22253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22253"]}]},{"name":"Versus Arthritis UK","award":["23229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23229"]}]},{"name":"Linea D1, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","award":["R4124500654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R4124500654"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute","award":["GR-2018-12366992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2018-12366992"]}]},{"name":"European Horizon 2020 MSCA-COFUND","award":["847551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847551"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["01142052310007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01142052310007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH-NIAMS","award":["K08AR077037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08AR077037"]}]},{"name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Awards for Medical Scientists"},{"name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Recent single-cell multi-omic and spatial analyses of synovial biopsies have transformed our understanding of myeloid cell\u2013driven mechanisms underlying human joint pathology and tissue homeostasis in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the developmental trajectories of synovial tissue macrophage (STM) subsets in humans remain poorly understood, due in part to the lack of models that faithfully replicate synovial tissue niches. This hinders the exploration of the therapeutic potential of targeting specific synovial myeloid cell clusters. Using multi-omics analyses of synovial tissue from an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient, we show that joint-specific tissue-resident STM subsets, including both health- and disease-associated clusters, can derive from peripheral blood monocytes. Analysis of embryonic synovial joints revealed that macrophage localization and maturation in the joints are preceded by local stromal niche specialisation, indicating that synovial fibroblasts (FLS) provide tissue-specific instructive cues to STM precursors. To elucidate human STM developmental trajectories, we established a SNP-based fate-tracking human synovial organoid system by embedding distinct blood-derived myeloid precursors, together with FLS clusters from RA synovial biopsies and endothelial cells, into 3D structures. These organoids reproduced key synovial tissue features, including lining and sublining architecture and stromal\u2013myeloid cell cluster composition. Importantly, they supported differentiation of all resident STM subsets: homeostatic lining TREM2\n                  <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                  macrophages, their pathogenic TREM2\n                  <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                  SPP1\n                  <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                  counterparts that characterize the RA hyperplastic lining, and both homeostatic and RA-associated perivascular LYVE1\n                  <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                  STM clusters, all traced to monocytic precursors. In summary, we show that development of STM subsets is driven by fibroblast-conditioned spatial niches. We have established a novel, tractable ex vivo platform to dissect the niche-specific cues driving homeostatic versus pathogenic phenotypic clusters.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>One Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human tissue-resident STMs develop from monocytes under the guidance of cues from FLS within discrete spatial locations.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.29.685324","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:22:16Z","timestamp":1761862936000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The ontogeny of myeloid-stromal synovial tissue niches in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7755-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziza","family":"Elmesmari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7727-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0816-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Frew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Kuczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4492-2625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Di Mario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome; Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6613-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia Agra","family":"Coletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shravani","family":"Baruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow; 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Campobasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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