{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:41:05Z","timestamp":1793367665620,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":98,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative","award":["2022-310965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-310965"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qenvm24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044r51149","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Corning, Inc."},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["R01-AI127521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI127521"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["R01-AI132178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI132178"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["R01-AI127521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI127521"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0515k5w36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xhk2825","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), such as HCoV-HKU1, account for \u223c30% of common colds each year and can cause serious upper and lower respiratory infections, yet no licensed vaccines or therapeutic antibodies target HCoVs. Despite being endemic to the human population, little is known about the antigenic landscape of HCoV-HKU1. Here, we characterized key interactions between the HCoV-HKU1 spike (S) protein and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from convalescent HCoV-HKU-1-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. We isolated 14 mAbs that bound distinct regions of S, including the receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain, and S2 subunit. Structural and functional studies revealed three groups of RBD-specific mAbs targeting diverse footprints within and around the TMPRSS2 receptor-binding site: (1) H501-022, which recognizes the TMPRSS2-binding site and thereby blocks receptor engagement; (2) H501-008, which binds a distinct epitope outside the TMPRSS2-binding site that is shared with HCoV-OC43; and (3) H501-018, which recognizes both \u201cup\u201d and \u201cdown\u201d RBD conformations at a distinct, non-overlapping epitope outside the TMPRSS2-binding site. H501-008 weakly neutralized live HCoV-OC43\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  and protected mice against lethal HCoV-OC43 challenge. Notably, the three RBD-specific mAbs potently neutralized HCoV-HKU1 pseudovirus in TMPRSS2-overexpressing cell lines, but exhibited limited neutralizing activity against authentic HCoV-HKU1 infection in primary human airway epithelial cells. Together, these findings structurally define the antigenic landscape within and around the HKU1 receptor-binding site and demonstrate that receptor-binding site recognition alone is insufficient to predict physiologically relevant antibody-mediated neutralization.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.29.685445","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1761876613000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural Definition of Neutralizing Epitopes within and around the HKU1 Receptor-binding Site Reveals Cell Context\u2013Dependent Neutralization"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5371-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeswin","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, Massachusetts, 02115; United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center; National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9583-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheena","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology; Stanford University; Stanford, California, 94305; United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ming","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts 02118; United States of America"},{"name":"National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories; Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, 02118; United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-9647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Wrapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, Texas, 78712; United States of America"},{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osnat","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center; National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR, Ness Ziona, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2745-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olubukola M.","family":"Abiona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center; National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9109-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian K.O.","family":"Dzuvor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Harvard T.H. 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