{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:09:25Z","timestamp":1768529365377,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":87,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children varies, with asymptomatic or mild illness predominating and a minority developing severe disease. Understanding the immunological responses that underlie severity of disease may guide future development of preventive or therapeutic interventions. This study compared whole blood transcriptomes of healthy children (N=127), children with mild\/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (N=71) and children hospitalised with severe SARS-COV-2 (N=41), lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) or LRTI due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV-LRTI) (N=47) or Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) (N=47). We identified &gt;5000 differentially expressed genes including:\n                  <jats:italic>OLFM4, IFI27, CBX7, IGF2BP3, OTOF<\/jats:italic>\n                  for severe SARS-CoV-2;\n                  <jats:italic>IFI27, OTOF, SIGLEC1, IFI44L<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>USP18<\/jats:italic>\n                  for RSV-LRTI, and\n                  <jats:italic>MMP8, LTF, IGF2BP3, GPR84, CD177, C1QC<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>DEFA4<\/jats:italic>\n                  for PTB, at false discovery rate (FDR) &lt;0.05. Pathway analysis identified enrichment for neutrophil degranulation, interferon gamma signalling, overexpression of ribosomal proteins and depletion of immune response in severe SARS-CoV-2 compared to healthy (SAR-COV-2 uninfected) children. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (\n                  <jats:italic>WGCNA<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) identified 10 correlated gene modules shared between LRTI showing similar underlying response mechanisms. Cellular decomposition analysis identified the depletion of 22 cell types in severe SARS-CoV-2, 16 for RSV-LRTI and 21 for PTB compared to healthy SARS-CoV-2 uninfected control children. We identified 82 genes important for discriminating asymptomatic\/mild from severe SARS-CoV-2 including\n                  <jats:italic>CBX7, TRAF1, ZNF324<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>CASS4<\/jats:italic>\n                  ; 93 healthy from severe SARS-CoV-2 including\n                  <jats:italic>RORC, CBX7, NR3C2, MID2<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>ADAMTS2<\/jats:italic>\n                  ; 110 genes for RSV-LRTI and 95 for PTB children which can be used for future therapeutic targets.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:fig id=\"ufig1\" position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\" fig-type=\"figure\">\n                    <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"687132v1_ufig1\" position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:fig>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.07.687132","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T03:40:12Z","timestamp":1762573212000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune transcriptomic differences in paediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 compared to other lower respiratory tract infections"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7518-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negusse Tadesse","family":"Kitaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0376-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3217-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Baralle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0621-0660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0200-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maresa","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0769-5242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Goldblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1366-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark P","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9998-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather J","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01716-1","article-title":"Severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: burden, management, and emerging therapies","volume":"404","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24885"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2021.101508","article-title":"Hallmarks of immune response in COVID-19: Exploring dysregulation and exhaustion","volume":"55","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00790-y","article-title":"Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives","volume":"20","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.821730"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853265","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.853265","article-title":"Evaluating the Immune Response in Treatment-Naive Hospitalised Patients With Influenza and COVID-19","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.666163"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988685","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.988685","article-title":"Blood gene expression predicts intensive care unit admission in hospitalised patients with COVID-19","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101034","article-title":"Nucleic acid biomarkers of immune response and cell and tissue damage in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05478-0","article-title":"RNAseq-based transcriptomics of treatment-na\u00efve multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) demonstrates predominant activation of matrisome, innate and humoral immune pathways","volume":"44","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567592","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1567592","article-title":"Recent progress in tuberculosis diagnosis: insights into blood-based biomarkers and emerging technologies","volume":"15","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01167-w"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01025-1"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.05.24318340"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI176640"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B. & Horvath, S . A General Framework for Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. 4, (2005).","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1128"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.18","unstructured":"Investigating the early-life determinants of illness in Africa: the Drakenstein Child Health Study."},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108728","article-title":"Distinct T cell polyfunctional profile in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity","volume":"27","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107300","article-title":"Natural immunity and protection against variants in South African children through five COVID-19 waves: A prospective study","volume":"150","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.21","unstructured":"Simon, Andrew . FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data [Online]. 2010 Available online at: http:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/,."},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-3-r25"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03608-0"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp427"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.30","first-page":"515","article-title":"WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis","volume":"11","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.31","unstructured":"Lares, B. lares: Lean Analytics and Robust Exploration Sidekick. 2025 2025."},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq537"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303.metabolite"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.34","unstructured":"Sayols, S. rrvgo: a Bioconductor package for interpreting lists of Gene Ontology terms. Open Access."},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.06.611424"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.12.006"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100204","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of T cell immunodominance and immunoprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 cases","volume":"2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2010-288"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323281"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.40","first-page":"1291","article-title":"DrugnomeAI is an ensemble machine-learning framework for predicting druggability of candidate drug targets. Commun","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELL.2020.08.001"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853265","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.853265","article-title":"Evaluating the Immune Response in Treatment-Naive Hospitalised Patients With Influenza and COVID-19","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd5487"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28227-6","article-title":"Blood leukocyte transcriptional modules and differentially expressed genes associated with disease severity and age in COVID-19 patients","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020382","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Dysregulates Neutrophil Degranulation and Reduces Lymphocyte Counts","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-02402006-5"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060438","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1060438","article-title":"IFI27 transcription is an early predictor for COVID-19 outcomes, a multi-cohort observational study","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23621-y"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.49","first-page":"e01738","article-title":"Membrane Protein OTOF Is a Type I Interferon-Induced Entry Inhibitor of HIV-1 in Macrophages","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747161"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979373","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.979373","article-title":"Myeloid CD169\/Siglec1: An immunoregulatory biomarker in viral disease","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23219-4","article-title":"USP18 positively regulates innate antiviral immunity by promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02695-15"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004917"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061333"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403110"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23207","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023207","article-title":"Screening of potential biomarkers for distinguishing between latent and active tuberculosis in children using bioinformatics analysis","volume":"100","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.58","first-page":"101870","article-title":"Decoding differentially expressed genes to identify potential immunity associated biomarkers in Tuberculosis: An integrative bioinformatics approach","volume":"40","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8030064"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120063","article-title":"The role of TNFR2+ Tregs in COVID-19: An overview and a potential therapeutic strategy","volume":"286","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.110064"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44502-6","article-title":"TRIM28-mediated nucleocapsid protein SUMOylation enhances SARS-CoV-2 virulence","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01885-0","article-title":"Comparing the expression levels of tripartite motif containing 28 in mild and severe COVID-19 infection","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol. J"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-021-00932-8","article-title":"Biallelic P4HTM variants associated with HIDEA syndrome and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2024.105594","article-title":"Critically-ill COVID-19 susceptibility gene CCR3 shows natural selection in sub-Saharan Africans","volume":"121","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Othman, B. A. et al. Olfactory dysfunction as a post-infectious symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann. Med. Surg. 75, (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103352"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12061","article-title":"TBX 21 participates in innate immune response by regulating Toll-like receptor 2 expression in S treptococcus pneumoniae infections","volume":"29","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.62"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0282-7"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02049-y","article-title":"Neutrophil diversity and function in health and disease","volume":"9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.71","first-page":"167","article-title":"Targeting neutrophil elastase is a promising direction for future cancer treatment. Discov","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00145.x"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157255","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.157255","article-title":"Temporal transcriptomic analysis using TrendCatcher identifies early and persistent neutrophil activation in severe COVID-19","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11050847","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 Shares a Common Neutrophil Activation Signature with Other Acute Inflammatory States","volume":"11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.75","first-page":"4668","volume-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci","volume":"22","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00846-z","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 RNA\u2013protein interactome in infected human cells","volume":"6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELL.2022.01.012\/ATTACHMENT\/92B6FC44-FE2B-4107-82DF-43A291122C0D\/MMC10.PDF"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI142014"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathy, N. L. , et al. Interleukin-16 stimulates the expression and production of pro-in\u00d8ammatory cytokines by human monocytes. (2000).","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00997.x"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv084"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.08.006","article-title":"Coronavirus 2019, Microthromboses, and Platelet Activating Factor","volume":"42","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ther"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1696","article-title":"COVID -19, microthromboses, inflammation, and platelet activating factor","volume":"46","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.83","unstructured":"Pallante, P. , Forzati, F. , Federico, A. , Arra, C. & Fusco, A. Polycomb protein family member CBX7 plays a critical role in cancer progression."},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab130"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101034","article-title":"Nucleic acid biomarkers of immune response and cell and tissue damage in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3934\/molsci.2024011","article-title":"Unveiling common markers in COVID-19: ADAMTS2, PCSK9, and OLAH emerged as key differential gene expression profiles in PBMCs across diverse disease conditions","volume":"11","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIMS Mol. Sci"},{"key":"2025111009173062000_2025.11.07.687132v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-024-01359-2","article-title":"Whole blood transcriptome signature predicts severe forms of COVID-19: Results from the COVIDeF cohort study","volume":"24","year":"2024","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genomics"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.11.07.687132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:58:37Z","timestamp":1768471117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.11.07.687132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":87,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.11.07.687132","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}