{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:09:39Z","timestamp":1792786179564,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":83,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["1019213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1019213"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01d35cw23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01AI127652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI127652"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["5T32 GM132022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32 GM132022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["5T32 HG000047-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32 HG000047-25"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["S10OD021832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD021832"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Science","award":["GM124169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM124169"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Transcriptional repressors with ligand-responsive WYL domains control diverse bacterial defense systems, yet the natural cues driving derepression and the physiological rationale for dynamic regulation in native host-phage contexts remain unknown. Here, we show that restricted phage infection, where defense clears a primary attack, serves as a natural cue for WYL-mediated derepression in\n                  <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Although not required to block the initial infection, this response increases defense protein abundance, shifting host-phage stoichiometry and priming surviving bacteria to overwhelm phage-encoded counterdefenses in subsequent attacks. We also find that restricted infection co-induces an unlinked anti-plasmid defense via its own WYL repressor, showing that parallel WYL sensors coordinate a broader immune response without regulatory crosstalk. In contrast, productive phage infection triggers horizontal transfer of the defense-encoding mobile element, ensuring its persistence in the population. Together, our work reveals that infection fate dictates divergent outcomes for the expression and dissemination of bacterial immunity.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.13.688357","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:35:11Z","timestamp":1763166911000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surviving phage attack primes bacterial immunity to defeat counterdefenses"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8419-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reid T.","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa A.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew T.","family":"Dunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ani","family":"Chouldjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerilyn M.","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julieta Peralta","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney F.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Nouwens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0339-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett K.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberley D.","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026092808150900000_2025.11.13.688357v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4120"},{"key":"2026092808150900000_2025.11.13.688357v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0372"},{"key":"2026092808150900000_2025.11.13.688357v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.017"},{"key":"2026092808150900000_2025.11.13.688357v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30269-9"},{"key":"2026092808150900000_2025.11.13.688357v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01219-4"},{"key":"2026092808150900000_2025.11.13.688357v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eads0768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ads0768","article-title":"Sedentary chromosomal integrons as biobanks of bacterial antiphage defense systems","volume":"388","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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