{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:19:23Z","timestamp":1785428363439,"version":"3.56.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":27,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["1R01HL169238-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL169238-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vascularized skins were 3D-printed using single donor human fibroblasts, pericytes, keratinocytes and endothelial cells (ECs), the latter either unmodified (WT-ECs) or deleted of MHC molecules (KO-ECs). Adult MISTRG6 immunodeficient mice neonatally inoculated with adult human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) received printed skin allogeneic to the HSCs and were boosted 3 weeks post-grafting with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) autologous to the HSCs. HSC inoculation alone produced low levels of circulating human myeloid and lymphoid cells without affecting grafts; PBMC boosting dramatically increased circulating human CD4+ T cells and boosted CD8+ T cells only in mice with WT-EC grafts. These grafts became infiltrated by human macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and showed evidence of rejection. Shared T cell clones were present in skin and spleen. KO-EC grafts had minimal infiltration of graft or spleen without rejection despite MHC molecule expression on other graft cell types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.24.689811","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T18:45:19Z","timestamp":1764096319000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endothelial cell MHC molecules are necessary and sufficient to reject 3D-printed human skin grafts in an advanced human immune system mouse"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Tobiasova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esen","family":"Sefik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"McNiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Flavell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2163-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. 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