{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:51:19Z","timestamp":1787392279111,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T18:05:13Z","timestamp":1525111513000},"page":"a033456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparative Pathology of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley M.","family":"Lemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Fulminant type A viral hepatitis in a chimpanzee","volume":"32","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80259-X","article-title":"Light microscopic findings of liver biopsy specimens from patients with hepatitis type A and comparison with type B","volume":"82","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.94849"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2009.00699.x"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.5","first-page":"440","article-title":"Hepatitis A in Macaca fascicularis and M. arctoides infected by the Java monkey-55 strain of hepatitis A virus","volume":"32","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.1994.tb00111.x"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890470312"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90537-T","article-title":"Natural hosts of hepatitis A virus","volume":"10","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(11)80439-2","article-title":"Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of hepatitis A virus infection in marmoset Callithrix jacchus","volume":"45","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113016","article-title":"A military community outbreak of hepatitis type A related to transmission in a child care facility","volume":"112","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.151837"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3429-3437.2005"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.008"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890010206","article-title":"Cyclic excretion of hepatitis A virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees: Biophysical characterization of the associated HAV particles","volume":"1","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.17.6277"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.940","article-title":"Wild Malaysian cynomolgus monkeys are exposed to hepatitis A virus","volume":"33","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1711.110428"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.041509-0"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.19","first-page":"929","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus in primates outside captivity","volume":"2","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.20","first-page":"311","article-title":"Studies of liver function tests in chimpanzees after inoculation with human infectious hapatitis virus","volume":"75","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.125.4.673"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197507000-00011"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.5.532"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270050018021"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516992112"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.26","first-page":"295","article-title":"Experimental infection of marmosets with hepatitis A virus","volume":"10","year":"1978","journal-title":"Primates Med"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S144","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90047-F","article-title":"Biological and molecular comparisons of human (HM-175) and simian (AGM-27) hepatitis A viruses","volume":"13","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/144.6.588"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.1.82"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-5-635"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.31","first-page":"87","article-title":"Animal transmission of enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis infection to Macaca mulatta by faeco-oral route","volume":"91","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.918-923.2001"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8325"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031674"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2003.8","article-title":"Prevalence of antibody against hepatitis E virus in various species of non-human primates: Evidence of widespread infection in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata)","volume":"56","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.165.3895.816"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1065"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4197-4202.2002"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1986.tb00286.x","article-title":"Liver morphology in marmosets infected with epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in India","volume":"6","year":"1986","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1609.100444"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21822","article-title":"Atypical manifestations of hepatitis A infection: A prospective, multicenter study in Korea","volume":"82","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.331","article-title":"Evidence for widespread infection of wild rats with hepatitis E virus in the United States","volume":"61","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.050"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890180308"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890300214","article-title":"Protracted alanine aminotransferase levels in tamarins infected with hepatitis A virus","volume":"30","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathology of hepatitis A infection in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus)","volume":"115","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.03.007"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.36.6.650"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101939108"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01293.x","article-title":"The natural history of hepatitis A: The potential for transmission by transfusion of blood or blood products","volume":"67","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vox San"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031823"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890100105"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.3.735-742.1987","article-title":"Genomic heterogeneity among human and nonhuman strains of hepatitis A virus","volume":"61","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a032581"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.12.014"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009160"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02756.x"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.58","first-page":"1590","article-title":"Studies on the transmission of human hepatitis A virus to stump-tailed monkey","volume":"24","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sci Sin"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.28.1.45-48.1980","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus in the liver and intestine of marmosets after oral inoculation","volume":"28","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378074"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.61","first-page":"683","article-title":"Hepatitis A: Perspectives and recent advances","volume":"81","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/131.2.194"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.017"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9860"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-7-1685"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00858.x"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0382-y"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899184"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428432"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.42.2.161"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110482"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.72","first-page":"e9","article-title":"Pathobiology of hepatitis E: Lessons learned from primate models","volume":"2","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Microbe Infect"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25505"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031690"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1988.tb00380.x","article-title":"Spontaneous and experimental hepatitis A in Old World monkeys","volume":"17","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Primatol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031708"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-11-320","article-title":"Bacterial microbiota in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North Sea of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, around the time of morbillivirus and influenza epidemics","volume":"53","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031880"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1989.tb00390.x","article-title":"Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in cynomolgus monkeys: Morphology and probable mechanism of hepatocellular necrosis","volume":"9","year":"1989","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21439"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00178.x","article-title":"The pathology of hepatitis A in man","volume":"2","year":"1982","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2011.00515.x","article-title":"Complete coding sequence and molecular analysis of hepatitis A virus from a chimpanzee with fulminant hepatitis","volume":"41","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Primatol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.5.835"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-7-1677"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1302"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890430207"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.31"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.88","first-page":"13","article-title":"Serial transmission of a putative causative virus of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis to Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta","volume":"60","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0942-0_9","article-title":"Animal models for hepatitis E virus","volume":"948","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890220205","article-title":"Studies on transmission of human non-A, non-B hepatitis to marmosets","volume":"22","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.01.006","article-title":"Acute hepatitis E: A cause of lymphocytic destructive cholangitis","volume":"36","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208133270702"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01205-10"},{"key":"2019040111450801000_9.4.a033456.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu007"}],"container-title":["Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a033456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T01:02:00Z","timestamp":1751590920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a033456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1101\/cshperspect.a033456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a033456","relation":{},"ISSN":["2157-1422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2157-1422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]}}}