{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:26:49Z","timestamp":1792009609312,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T18:10:19Z","timestamp":1777313419000},"page":"a041821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Empirical Discovery to Targeted Therapy: The Evolution of Tuberculosis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Natalie J.E.","family":"Waller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Y.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad314"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106753"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.955050"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.4","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Short-course chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: a controlled trial by the British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association","volume":"2","author":"British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200140050-00002"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00286-0"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00223-8"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901814"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5138.1610"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1913327"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00654-16"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(76)80002-5"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1981.123.4.367"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9609132"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2033400"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.16","first-page":"237","article-title":"Controlled clinical trial of four short-course (6-month) regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: third report","volume":"304","author":"East African\/British Medical Research Councils","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.17","first-page":"347","article-title":"A five-year assessment of patients in a controlled trial of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis; report to the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Trials Committee of the Medical Research Council","volume":"23","year":"1954","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.18","first-page":"S231","article-title":"Studies on the treatment of tuberculosis undertaken by the British Medical Research Council tuberculosis units, 1946\u20131986, with relevant subsequent publications","volume":"3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(78)90007-7"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.20","first-page":"12","article-title":"Experimental \u201cin vivo\u201d studies of new antituberculosis drugs: capreomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin","volume":"50","year":"1969","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(69)90053-1"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1968.98.6.933"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001566"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.12.001"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(47)90087-9"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-50-13773"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.27","first-page":"171","article-title":"Controlled trial of four thrice-weekly regimens and a daily regimen all given for 6 months for pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"317","author":"Hong Kong Chest Service\/British Medical Research Council","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00095a063"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706139114"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio884"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jyp.2013.12.002"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202013207"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00276-07"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00913-17"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.35","first-page":"511","article-title":"The effect of pyrazinamide (aldinamide) on experimental tuberculosis in mice","volume":"65","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac500"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.104.5.737"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/art.1954.70.4.748"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4688.1073"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13101"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106953"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01780-07"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/artpd.1955.71.5.752"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3937"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2235848100"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00388-19"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00159-19"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6b00051"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164571"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030598"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.4.845"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35016103"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002773"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155127"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.55","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2020. Global strategy for tuberculosis research and innovation. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.56","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. Global tuberculosis report 2024. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.57","first-page":"523","article-title":"Pyrazinamide (aldinamide) in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"65","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200206-626OC"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.59","first-page":"6","article-title":"The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review","volume":"7","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg446"},{"key":"2026060111301334000_16.6.a041821.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.475798"}],"container-title":["Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a041821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:30:24Z","timestamp":1780338624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a041821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1101\/cshperspect.a041821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a041821","relation":{},"ISSN":["2157-1422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2157-1422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]}}}