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RBlox\/RB-\/- mutant fetuses die at birth with specific skeletal muscle defects, including increased cell death prior to myoblast fusion, shorter myotubes with fewer myofibrils, reduced muscle fibers, accumulation of elongated nuclei that actively synthesized DNA within the myotubes, and reduction in expression of the late muscle-specific genes MCK and MRF4. Thus, insufficient pRb results in failure of myogenesis in vivo, manifest in two ways. First, the massive apoptosis of myoblasts implicates a role of pRb in cell survival. Second, surviving myotubes failed to develop normally and accumulated large polyploid nuclei, implicating pRb in permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle. These results demonstrate a role for pRb during terminal differentiation of skeletal muscles in vivo and place pRb at a nodal point that controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.23.3051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T21:15:46Z","timestamp":1181078146000},"page":"3051-3064","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["pRb controls proliferation, differentiation, and death of skeletal muscle cells and other lineages during embryogenesis."],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Zacksenhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Marth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B L","family":"Gallie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.132.4.657"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.17.6474"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.9.1654"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.61.070192.010025"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.113.6.1255"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00361.x","article-title":"myf-5 and myoD genes are activated in distinct mesenchymal stem cells and determine different skeletal muscle cell lineages.","volume":"15","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03429.x","article-title":"A novel human muscle factor related to but distinct from MyoD1 induces myogenic conversion in 10T1\/2 fibroblasts.","volume":"8","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08179.x","article-title":"Myf-6, a new member of the human gene family of myogenic determination factors: Evidence for a gene cluster on chromosome 12.","volume":"9","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(92)90081-E"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359328a0"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90585-X"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/352251a0"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90039-X"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90405-7"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.3.5.628"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90038-Z"},{"key":"2021111418412883000_10.23.3051.17","first-page":"5048","article-title":"Amplification of MDM2 inhibits MyoD-mediated myogenesis.","volume":"16","year":"1966","journal-title":"Mol. 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