{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:00:05Z","timestamp":1791219605590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes have been shown to play important roles in mammalian development and organogenesis.\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9,<\/jats:italic>\n                    a member of this transcription factor family, is expressed in somites, pharyngeal pouches, mesenchyme involved in craniofacial, tooth, and limb development, as well as other sites during mouse embryogenesis. To analyze its function in vivo, we generated\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficient mice and show that\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    is essential for the development of a variety of organs and skeletal elements. Homozygous\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mutant mice die shortly after birth, most likely as a consequence of a cleft secondary palate. They lack a thymus, parathyroid glands, and ultimobranchial bodies, organs which are derived from the pharyngeal pouches. In all limbs, a supernumerary preaxial digit is formed, but the flexor of the hindlimb toes is missing. Furthermore, craniofacial and visceral skeletogenesis is disturbed, and all teeth are absent. In\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient embryos tooth development is arrested at the bud stage. At this stage,\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    is required for the mesenchymal expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Bmp4, Msx1,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lef1,<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggesting a role for\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the establishment of the inductive capacity of the tooth mesenchyme. In summary, our analysis shows that\n                    <jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a key regulator during the development of a wide range of organ primordia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.17.2735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,20]],"date-time":"2008-02-20T17:15:26Z","timestamp":1203527726000},"page":"2735-2747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":705,"title":["<i>Pax9<\/i>\n                    -deficient mice lack pharyngeal pouch derivatives and teeth and exhibit craniofacial and limb abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Heiko","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Neub\u00fcser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Kratochwil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Balling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111418563361000_12.17.2735.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1.10.1247","article-title":"Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during embryogenesis.","volume":"1","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genes & Dev."},{"key":"2021111418563361000_12.17.2735.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90818-4","article-title":"Conservation of a large protein domain in the segmentation gene paired and in functionally related genes of Drosophila.","volume":"47","author":"Bopp","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021111418563361000_12.17.2735.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480241009","article-title":"Pax: Gene regulators in the developing nervous system.","volume":"24","author":"Chalepakis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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