{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:39:23Z","timestamp":1791157163363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification alters the subcellular distribution and function of its substrates. Here we show the major role of SUMO during the development of the <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> reproductive system. <jats:italic>smo-1<\/jats:italic> deletion mutants develop into sterile adults with abnormal somatic gonad, germ line, and vulva. SMO-1::GFP reporter is highly expressed in the somatic reproductive system. <jats:italic>smo-1<\/jats:italic> animals lack a vulval-uterine connection as a result of impaired ventral uterine \u03c0-cell differentiation and anchor cell fusion. Mutations in the LIN-11 LIM domain transcription factor lead to a uterine phenotype that resembles the <jats:italic>smo-1<\/jats:italic> phenotype. LIN-11 is sumoylated, and its sumoylation is required for its activity during uterine morphogenesis. Expression of a SUMO-modified LIN-11 in the <jats:italic>smo-1<\/jats:italic> background partially rescued \u03c0-cell differentiation and retained LIN-11 in nuclear bodies. Thus, our results identify the reproductive system as the major SUMO target during postembryonic development and highlight LIN-11 as a physiological substrate whose sumoylation is associated with the formation of a functional vulval-uterine connection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1227104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,4]],"date-time":"2004-10-04T18:22:58Z","timestamp":1096914178000},"page":"2380-2391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is required for gonadal and uterine-vulval morphogenesis in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Limor","family":"Broday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Kolotuev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Didier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anindita","family":"Bhoumik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagwati P.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Podbilewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze'ev","family":"Ronai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111620092287000_18.19.2380.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.74","volume":"1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. 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