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They are interconnected by three additional shelterin proteins, TIN2, TPP1, and Rap1, forming a complex that allows cells to distinguish telomeres from sites of DNA damage. Without the protective activity of shelterin, telomeres are no longer hidden from the DNA damage surveillance and chromosome ends are inappropriately processed by DNA repair pathways. How does shelterin avert these events? The current data argue that shelterin is not a static structural component of the telomere. Instead, shelterin is emerging as a protein complex with DNA remodeling activity that acts together with several associated DNA repair factors to change the structure of the telomeric DNA, thereby protecting chromosome ends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Six shelterin subunits: TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, Rap1, TPP1, and POT1<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1346005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,15]],"date-time":"2005-09-15T18:08:05Z","timestamp":1126807685000},"page":"2100-2110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2709,"title":["Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Titia","family":"de Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-003-0972-y"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh691"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01368"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060036"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0323"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.7.1785"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.20.5735"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097-236"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097-231"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1275"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.22.9948-9957.2004"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1077103"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00457-2"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80762-X"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5242.1663"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33947"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400314"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103619"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00328-1"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02118"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.4.1595-1607.2004"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061032"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205080"},{"key":"2021111607311024000_19.18.2100.24","first-page":"265","volume":"LXV","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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