{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1790553096681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hox transcription factors have been implicated in playing a central role in the evolution of animal morphology. Many studies indicate the evolutionary importance of regulatory changes in Hox genes, but little is known about the role of functional changes in Hox proteins. In the nematodes\n                    <jats:italic>Pristionchus pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , developmental processes can be compared at the cellular, genetic, and molecular levels and differences in gene function can be identified. The Hox gene\n                    <jats:italic>lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    is involved in the regulation of nematode vulva development. Comparison of known\n                    <jats:italic>lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>P. pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed both conservation and changes of gene function. Here, we study evolutionary changes of\n                    <jats:italic>lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    function using hybrid transgenes and site-directed mutagenesis in an in vivo assay using\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants. Our data show that despite the functional differences of LIN-39 between the two species,\n                    <jats:italic>Ppa<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013LIN-39, when driven by\n                    <jats:italic>Cel\u2013lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulatory elements, can functionally replace\n                    <jats:italic>Cel\u2013lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, we show that the MAPK docking and phosphorylation motifs unique for\n                    <jats:italic>Cel<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013LIN-39 are dispensable for\n                    <jats:italic>Cel\u2013lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    function. Therefore, the evolution of\n                    <jats:italic>lin-39<\/jats:italic>\n                    function is driven by changes in regulatory elements rather than changes in the protein itself.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.200601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T20:00:34Z","timestamp":1027713634000},"page":"2161-2172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Functional comparison of the nematode Hox gene\n                    <i>lin-39<\/i>\n                    in\n                    <i>C. elegans<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>P. pacificus<\/i>\n                    reveals evolutionary conservation of protein function despite divergence of primary sequences"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kaj","family":"Grandien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111507415168000_15.16.2161.1","unstructured":"Anderson P. Kimble J. (1997) mRNA and translation. in C. elegans II, ed Riddle D.L. 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