{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:48:04Z","timestamp":1791175684005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Activation of adipogenesis in 3T3 preadipocytes by exposure to the adipogenic inducers dexamethasone, methylisobutylxanthine, insulin, and fetal bovine serum is accompanied by a transient burst of C\/EBP beta protein expression that precedes the induction of the fat gene program. In this study we have investigated the role of C\/EBP beta in initiating the adipogenic program by overexpressing C\/EBP beta in multipotential NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Conditional ectopic expression of C\/EBP beta was accomplished by using an artificial transcriptional regulatory system based on the Escherichia coli tetracycline repressor to generate a stable cell line, beta 2, that expresses C\/EBP beta mRNA and protein in a tightly controlled tetracycline dose-dependent manner. Induction of C\/EBP beta DNA-binding activity in NIH-3T3 beta 2 cells exposed to dexamethasone in the presence of insulin and fetal bovine serum activates the expression of an adipocyte-specific nuclear hormone receptor, PPAR gamma, that stimulates the conversion of these fibroblasts into committed preadipocytes. Either ectopic expression of C\/EBP beta or treatment with dexamethasone alone is incapable of inducing PPAR gamma expression, but when present together, they have a synergistic effect on the adipogenic program. Exposure of these stimulated cells to a PPAR activator 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) results in the accumulation of fat droplets and expression of the adipocyte-enriched genes aP2 and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD). The number of beta 2 cells that can differentiate into adipocytes is related to the concentration of tetracycline and, therefore, the amount of the exogenous C\/EBP beta protein expressed. C\/EBP beta can induce PPAR gamma mRNA in the absence of ETYA; however, expression of aP2 mRNA and maximum fat deposition is dependent on the PPAR activator. Our results suggest that enhanced expression of C\/EBP beta converts multipotential mesenchymal precursor cells into preadipocytes that respond to adipogenic inducers, including dexamethasone and PPAR activators to differentiate into adipocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.19.2350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T21:15:46Z","timestamp":1181078146000},"page":"2350-2363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":456,"title":["Conditional ectopic expression of C\/EBP beta in NIH-3T3 cells induces PPAR gamma and stimulates adipogenesis."],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Z","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N L","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111418253593000_9.19.2350.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00196-D"},{"key":"2021111418253593000_9.19.2350.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.17.5468"},{"key":"2021111418253593000_9.19.2350.3","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Regulation of tubulin and actin mRNA production in rat brain: Expression of a new \u03b2-tubulin mRNA with development.","volume":"3","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol. 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