{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:28:16Z","timestamp":1790911696172,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The human diseases melioidosis and glanders are caused by the bacteria <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> respectively, and both species are regarded as potential biowarfare agents. We used <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> DNA microarrays to compare the genomes of several clinical and environmental isolates of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei, B. mallei<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic>, a closely related but avirulent species. Open reading frames (ORFs) deleted between the three species were associated with diverse cellular functions, including nitrogen and iron metabolism, quorum sensing, and polysaccharide production. Deleted ORFs in <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> exhibited significant genomic clustering, whereas deletions in <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic> were more uniformly dispersed, suggesting that <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic> may have diverged from <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> and each other via distinct mechanisms. The genomes of independent <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> isolates were highly conserved with a large-scale variance of less than 3% between isolates, and at least three distinct molecular subtypes could be defined. An analysis of subtype-specific genomic regions suggests that DNA loss has played an important role in the evolutionary radiation of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> in the natural environment. Our results raise several hypotheses concerning the possible mechanisms underlying the diverse biological properties exhibited by members of the <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1608904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,2]],"date-time":"2004-11-02T16:54:21Z","timestamp":1099414461000},"page":"2295-2307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Patterns of large-scale genomic variation in virulent and avirulent <i>Burkholderia<\/i> species"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia Huey","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hweeling","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Chong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May Ann","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111810595369000_14.11.2295.1","unstructured":"Asche, V. 1991. 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