{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:48:14Z","timestamp":1790826494418,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Genome evolution entails changes in the DNA sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. Genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions\/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. Here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main African malaria vector,<jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>, relative to the recently determined sequence of the <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> genome. The ancestral lines of these two dipteran insects are thought to have separated \u223c250 Myr, a long period that makes this genome comparison especially interesting. Sequence comparisons have identified 113 pairs of putative orthologs of the two species. Chromosomal mapping of orthologous genes reveals that each polytene chromosome arm has a homolog in the other species. Between 41% and 73% of the known orthologous genes remain linked in the respective homologous chromosomal arms, with the remainder translocated to various nonhomologous arms. Within homologous arms, gene order is extensively reshuffled, but a limited degree of conserved local synteny (microsynteny) can be recognized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.196101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T23:59:15Z","timestamp":1027727955000},"page":"57-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["A Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Distant Diptera, the Fruit Fly, <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>, and the Malaria Mosquito, <i>Anopheles gambiae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Viacheslav N.","family":"Bolshakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Topalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Blass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Kokoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"della Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotis C.","family":"Kafatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111810462767000_12.1.57.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5461.2185"},{"key":"2021111810462767000_12.1.57.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1990.9999"},{"key":"2021111810462767000_12.1.57.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/153.1.179","article-title":"An exploration of the sequence of a 2.9-Mb region of the genome of Drosophila melanogaster: The Adh region.","volume":"153","author":"Ashburner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021111810462767000_12.1.57.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00846.x","article-title":"Immune factor Gambif1, a new rel family member from the human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae.","volume":"15","author":"Barillas-Mury","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111810462767000_12.1.57.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00148.x","article-title":"A cDNA encoding an ADP\/ATP carrier from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.","volume":"3","author":"Beard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Insect Mol. 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