{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:52:41Z","timestamp":1788328361798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Learn. Mem."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The understanding of how the reinforcement is represented in the central nervous system during memory formation is a current issue in neurobiology. Several studies in insects provide evidence of the instructive role of biogenic amines during the learning and memory process. In insects it was widely accepted that dopamine (DA) mediates aversive reinforcements. However, the idea of DA being exclusively involved in aversive memory has been challenged in recent studies. Here, we study the involvement of DA during aversive and appetitive memories in the crab<jats:italic>Chasmagnathus<\/jats:italic>. We found that DA-receptor antagonists impair aversive memory consolidation, in agreement with previous reports in insects, while administration of DA facilitates memory formation after a weak training protocol. In contrast, DA treatment during appetitive training was found to impair formation of long-term appetitive memory. In addition, as a first step in elucidating the neuroanatomical correlates of DA action on memory, we mapped dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system of the crab. Results of the current study, together with those obtained in a previous work about the role of octopamine (OA), suggest that both amines (DA and OA) play a dual action in memory processes. On the one hand, DA and OA mediate the aversive and the appetitive signals, respectively, throughout training, while on the other hand, they interfere with the formation of memory of the opposite sign (DA in appetitive and OA in aversive). Our results support a new understanding about the way appetitive and aversive stimuli are processed during memory formation to ensure adaptive behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.024430.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,21]],"date-time":"2012-01-21T05:48:28Z","timestamp":1327124908000},"page":"73-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Opposite actions of dopamine on aversive and appetitive memories in the crab"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Klappenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kaczer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/225291b0","article-title":"Absence of blood-brain barrier in a crustacean, Carcinus maenas L","volume":"225","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025371"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.06.048"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990115\/01)44:2\/3<105::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70010015.x","article-title":"Characterization of a dopamine D1 receptor from Apis mellifera: Cloning, functional expression, pharmacology, and mRNA localization in the brain","volume":"70","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-011-1183-9"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.08.034"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2005.11.017"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2006.08.018"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903440308"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703338"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.22.3369","article-title":"High environmental salinity induces memory enhancement and increases levels of brain angiotensin-like peptides in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus","volume":"203","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5370","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05370.2003","article-title":"Modulation of early olfactory processing by an octopaminergic reinforcement pathway in the honeybee","volume":"23","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00550.2004"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.09.021"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.16","first-page":"411","article-title":"The determination of hemolymph volume in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, utilizing 14C-thiocyanate","volume":"56A","year":"1977","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.5.1.146","article-title":"Multiple sites of associative odor learning as revealed by local brain microinjections of octopamine in honeybees","volume":"5","year":"1998","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1074"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3858"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(89)90062-5","article-title":"Catecholamine degradation in the hemolymph of the Chinese crab, Eriocher Sinensis","volume":"92","year":"1989","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physio C"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1315-08.2009"},{"key":"2021111206145384000_19.2.73.22","unstructured":"Howell DC . 1987. 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