{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:48:45Z","timestamp":1759682925200,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009408","name":"Brain Canada MultiInvestigator Research Initiative Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009408","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000233","name":"Genome British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Koerner Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#10677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#10677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Biotechnology and Genomics-Neurobiology"},{"name":"J.G.H."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#125984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#125984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSERC Discovery Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000106","name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation and the University of Saskatchewan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000106","name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Learn. Mem."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The roles of low-voltage-activated (T-type) calcium channels in brain diseases have been studied extensively. Less is known regarding the involvement of T-type channels in cognition and behavior. Sensory integration (SI) is a cognitive process whereby the brain uses unimodal or multimodal sensory features to create a comprehensive representation of the environment. The multisensory object oddity (MSO) task assesses SI using combinations of sensory features of objects, either in the same or different sensory modalities. The regulation of SI involves the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an area which shows high levels of T-type calcium channel expression. We tested the effects of blocking T-type calcium channels on the MSO task with the selective T-type antagonist, Z944 (5 mg\/kg; i.p. systemic; 100 or 500 \u00b5M OFC infusion), in male Long Evans rats. With systemic treatment, Z944 impaired the visual and visual-olfactory versions of the task. Infusion of 100 and 500 \u00b5M Z944 produced deficits in the olfactory version of the task. In addition, only vehicle-infused, but not Z944-infused, rats showed significant performance above chance for all task variants. Thus, the present results suggest that T-type calcium channels in OFC are involved in SI of features in an oddity task. Given that unimodal SI was disrupted by OFC infusions of Z944, the deficits in the multimodal task must be interpreted with caution. As SI is disrupted in psychiatric disorders, further investigations elucidating the brain regions implicated in SI regulation by T-type calcium channels may help inform therapeutic development for those suffering from SI impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.047332.118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T14:38:26Z","timestamp":1529073506000},"page":"317-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["T-type calcium channels in the orbitofrontal cortex mediate sensory integration as measured using a spontaneous oddity task in rats"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wendie N.","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline E.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine K.","family":"Zabder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Greba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrance P.","family":"Snutch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3326-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G.","family":"Howland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34233","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34233","article-title":"A rare schizophrenia risk variant of CACNA1I disrupts CaV3.3 channel activity","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.11.002","article-title":"Behavioral alterations in rat offspring following maternal immune activation and ELR-CXC chemokine receptor antagonism during pregnancy: implications for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders","volume":"57","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5171-06.2007"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.749207"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.007"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01680.x"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1118","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.69","article-title":"Sensory integration deficits support a dimensional view of psychosis and are not limited to schizophrenia","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.11.004"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1628-16.2016"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.10","unstructured":"Cohen J . 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ."},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1362-12.2012"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.01.010"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(83)90224-8"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00392-1"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0842-06.2006"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.84"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.09.026"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.02.001"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25758-2_2"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0082"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.06.001","article-title":"The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 rescues impairments in crossmodal and visual recognition memory in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg","volume":"94","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13110","article-title":"The GAERS model of absence epilepsy exhibits alterations in fear conditioning and latent inhibition consistent with psychiatric comorbidities in humans","volume":"43","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910701563681"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.206"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00555.2004"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.26","unstructured":"Paxinos G , Watson C . 2006. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 6th ed. Academic Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5295-08.2009"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht061"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00277-X"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1067","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.17","article-title":"An autism-associated serotonin transporter variant disrupts multisensory processing","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01625-9"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603316200"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3982"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2331"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-01895.1999"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199803003-00004"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003120"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.04.019"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.4.597"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.11.005"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6073-09.2010"},{"key":"2021111207514146000_25.7.317.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.04.004"}],"container-title":["Learning &amp; Memory"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/lm.047332.118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T15:52:43Z","timestamp":1636732363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/learnmem.cshlp.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/lm.047332.118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1101\/lm.047332.118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/lm.047332.118","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-5485"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1549-5485"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]}}}