{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:52:03Z","timestamp":1789077123300,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cold Spring Harb Protoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In yeast and mammalian cells, the autophagy protein Atg8\/LC3 (microtubule-associated proteins 1A\/1B light chain 3B encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>MAP1LC3B<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has been the marker of choice to detect double-membraned autophagosomes that are produced during the process of autophagy. A lipid-conjugated form of Atg8\/LC3B is localized to the inner and outer membrane of the early-forming structure known as the phagophore. During maturation of autophagosomes, Atg8\/LC3 bound to the inner autophagosome membrane remains in situ as the autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes. The nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is thought to conduct a similar process, meaning that tagging the nematode ortholog of Atg8\/LC3\u2014known as LGG-1\u2014with a fluorophore has become a widely accepted method to visualize autophagosomes. Under normal growth conditions, GFP-modified LGG-1 displays a diffuse expression pattern throughout a variety of tissues, whereas, when under conditions that induce autophagy, the GFP::LGG-1 tag labels positive punctate structures, and its overall level of expression increases. Here, we present a protocol for using fluorescent reporters of LGG-1 coupled to GFP to monitor autophagosomes in vivo. We also discuss the use of alternative fluorescent markers and the possible utility of the LGG-1 paralog LGG-2.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot086496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T11:48:33Z","timestamp":1451908113000},"page":"pdb.prot086496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Detection of Autophagy in\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    Using\n                    <i>GFP::LGG-1<\/i>\n                    as an Autophagy Marker"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Nicholas 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