{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:49:05Z","timestamp":1789850945462,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cold Spring Harb Protoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Autophagy plays an active role during the early stages of embryogenesis in the nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>. Although their exact function is unknown, P granules are ribonucleoprotein particles that play a role in germ cell specification. The localization of P granules is restricted to the germline precursor cells in wild-type embryos, as a result of their degradation in the somatic cell lineage. Autophagy is known to be required for the degradation of P granules, as mutations in various autophagy genes, including those encoding the adaptor SEPA-1 and the p62-like adaptor SQST-1, result in the accumulation of the P granule components PGL-1 and PGL-3 (termed PGL granules) in the somatic cells of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> embryos. In this protocol, we present a methodology for using fusion reporters of SEPA-1, SQST-1, and PGL-1 that have aided in the identification of new genes for normal autophagy activity by screening for mutant animals that lack the degradation of these autophagy substrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot086504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T16:48:33Z","timestamp":1451926113000},"page":"pdb.prot086504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detecting Autophagy in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i> Embryos Using Markers of P Granule Degradation"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211878"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200507002"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.4.1303","article-title":"Segregation of germ granules in living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos: Celltype-specific mechanisms for cytoplasmic localisation","volume":"122","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.152.3.519"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.02.002"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61381-3"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.06.024"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397926-1.00006-8","article-title":"Interactions between endosomal maturation and autophagy: Analysis of ESCRT machinery during Caenorhabditis elegans development","volume":"534","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.016105"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201008167"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702824200"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210333"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.026005"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140846"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.04.034"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64369-6"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.12.022"},{"key":"2021111009071344000_2016.1.pdb.prot086504.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.5.8552"}],"container-title":["Cold Spring Harbor Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/pdb.prot086504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T19:30:27Z","timestamp":1636572627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cshprotocols.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/pdb.prot086504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1101\/pdb.prot086504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/pdb.prot086504","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-3402","1559-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-3402","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}