{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T22:27:53Z","timestamp":1789856873323,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cold Spring Harb Protoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A common way to measure the induction of autophagy in yeast and mammalian cells is to compare the amount of Atg8\/LC3-I with that of Atg8-PE\/LC3-II by using western blot analysis. This is because changes in the amount of LC3-II correlate closely with changes in the number of autophagosomes present in cells. Atg8\/LC3 is initially synthesized as an unprocessed form, which is proteolytically processed to form Atg8\/LC3-I, and then this is modified into the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated Atg8-PE\/LC3-II form. Atg8\/LC3-II is membrane bound, whereas Atg8-PE\/LC3-I is cytosolic. By associating with both the inner and outer membranes of the autophagosome, Atg8-PE\/LC3-II is the only autophagy reporter that is reliably associated with completed autophagosomes. In the nematode<jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>, the ortholog of Atg8\/LC3 is LGG-1. Here, we discuss how changes in the levels of LGG-1-II (and the paralog LGG-2) protein can, with appropriate controls, be used to monitor autophagy activity in nematodes and present a protocol for monitoring changes in the protein levels of different forms of LGG-1 by western blotting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot086512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T14:53:26Z","timestamp":1454338406000},"page":"pdb.prot086512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of Autophagy in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>by Western Blotting Analysis of LGG-1"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111009074161000_2016.2.pdb.prot086512.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6.5.12252"},{"key":"2021111009074161000_2016.2.pdb.prot086512.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2694"},{"key":"2021111009074161000_2016.2.pdb.prot086512.3","unstructured":"Bio-Rad Laboratories. 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