{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:58:47Z","timestamp":1790485127116,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":87,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria and DPANN archaea are uncultivated, small-celled symbionts often detected in groundwater. However, variations in CPR\/DPANN organism abundance, distribution, taxonomic diversity, and degree\/nature of host association with groundwater chemistry remain understudied. Here, we performed genome-resolved metagenomic characterization of one agriculturally-impacted and seven pristine groundwater microbial communities in California, recovering 746 dereplicated CPR and DPANN genomes. Our finding of up to 31% CPR bacteria and 4% DPANN archaea in the pristine sites, which serve as local sources of drinking water, may hold health relevance, given growing awareness of the presence of CPR\/DPANN organisms in human microbiomes and their association with disease. There is little species-level genome overlap across groundwater sites, indicating that CPR and DPANN communities are highly differentiated according to host populations and physicochemical conditions. Cryo-TEM imaging and genomic analyses indicate that CPR growth may be stimulated by attachment to the surface of host cells, and identified CPR and DPANN lineages with particularly prevalent and\/or resilient host cell attachment. These results establish the huge but site-specific diversity of CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea coexisting with diverse hosts in groundwater aquifers, and raise important questions about potential impacts on human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.14.094862","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T12:09:57Z","timestamp":1589544597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Huge and variable diversity of episymbiotic CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea in groundwater ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ray","family":"Keren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5732-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim F.","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9161-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Doudna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie H. 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