{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:32:52Z","timestamp":1768548772254,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"group-title":"HIV\/AIDS","reference-count":20,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Undiagnosed HIV-1 patients still account for 25% of worldwide HIV patients. Studying late presenters for HIV care may help to identify characteristics of such patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study aims to identify factors associated with late presentation (LP) and late presentation with advanced disease (LPAD) based on a population of patients followed in a Portuguese hospital between 1984 and 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sociodemographic and clinical data from infected patients with HIV-1 aged 18 years and older, followed in Egas Moniz Hospital, in Portugal were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Of the 907 patients included in this study, 68.7% were males and the median age was 37 years (IQR 30-47). 459 patients (50.6%) were LP and, of these, 284 patients (61.9%) were LPAD. The LP population mostly originated from Portugal and Sub-Saharan Africa (64.4% and 28.8%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.004) and the HIV exposure category mainly heterosexuals and MSM (57.0% and 24.9%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). The stage of disease and viral load at diagnosis were significantly associated with both LP and LPAD (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). Factors associated with LP in the logistic regression included age at diagnosis lower than 30y (aOR 0.34; 0.17-0.68;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.002) and origin from Sub-Saharan Africa (aOR 2.24; 1.44-3.50;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Late presentation is a major obstacle to halt the HIV epidemic. In this population, the majority of newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals were late presenters. Our results characterize vulnerable populations that should be frequently tested for HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.17.20133785","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T06:14:33Z","timestamp":1592720073000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of HIV-1 late presentation in a cohort of Portuguese HIV-1 patients"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Cl\u00e1udia Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pingarilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa Baptista","family":"Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Perpetua","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Abecasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Mansinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.1","unstructured":"\u201cHIV\/AIDS.\u201d [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/factsheets\/detail\/hiv-aids. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2020]."},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.2","unstructured":"Portugal. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade\/Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Infe\u00e7\u00e3o VIH e SIDA em Portugal - 2019. Lisboa: DGS\/INSA; 2019"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.3","unstructured":"\u201cUnderstanding Fast-Track.\u201d [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/201506_JC2743_Understanding_FastTrack_en.pdf. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2020]."},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.4","unstructured":"UNAIDS, \u201cKnowledge is power \u2014 Know your status, know your viral load.\u201d Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/jc2940_knowledge-is-power-report_en.pdf. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2020]."},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2014.13961"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-2961-8"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. C. Iwuji , D. Churchill , Y. Gilleece , H. A. Weiss , and M. Fisher , \u201cOlder HIV-infected individuals present late and have a higher mortality[]: Brighton, UK cohort study,\u201d pp. 1\u20139, 2013.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-397"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-8-22"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2016.14348"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010761"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.12","unstructured":"\u201cHIV infection and AIDS Methods.\u201d [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/documents\/AER_for_2017-hiv-infection-aids_1.pdf. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2020]."},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833c7b9c"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26852-0"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178059"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001510"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1470306"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181ab375d"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.391"},{"key":"2021010506000803000_2020.06.17.20133785v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3477-z"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.06.17.20133785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:45:21Z","timestamp":1768484721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.06.17.20133785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.17.20133785","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0175","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}