{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:15:13Z","timestamp":1772457313538,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":31,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For young people, just as in the general population, COVID-19 caused many changes in their lives, including an increased risk for mental illness symptoms. We aimed to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in anxiety and depression symptoms in a cohort of university students.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is part of broader longitudinal research on university students\u2019 mental health with data of the Portuguese version of The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Portuguese version of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) with evaluations on January, May and October 2019 and June 2020, as well as socio-demographic information.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>341 university students (257 females and 84 males) were included, with a mean age of 19.91 (SD=1.58). In June 2020, the mean for perceived wellbeing loss was 60.47% (SD=26.56) and 59.54% (SD=28.95) for mental health loss. The proportion of students with scores equal to or above 15 in the PHQ-9 ranged between 22.6% and 25.5% in 2019 and 37.0% in June 2020. The proportion of GAD-7 scores above cut-off ten ranged between 46.0% and 47.8% in 2019 and 64.5% in 2020. Compared with preceding trends, PHQ-9 scores were 3.11 (CI=2.40-3.83) higher than expected, and GAD-7 scores were 3.56 (CI=2.75-5.37) higher.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 impacted negatively depressive and anxiety symptoms, confirming previous studies and young people\u2019s vulnerability in such uncertain times.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.23.21252284","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T05:25:19Z","timestamp":1614144319000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Depression and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: a longitudinal cohort study with university students"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Virg\u00ednia","family":"da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Rothes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gusm\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2021022606451120000_2021.02.23.21252284v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.05.025","article-title":"Friendship: An old concept with a new meaning?","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2021022606451120000_2021.02.23.21252284v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001665"},{"key":"2021022606451120000_2021.02.23.21252284v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8"},{"key":"2021022606451120000_2021.02.23.21252284v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castelli, L. , Di Tella, M. , Benfante, A. , Romeo, A. , 2020. 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