{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:17:50Z","timestamp":1768565870521,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"group-title":"Epidemiology","reference-count":37,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Analyse the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the PAFAS (Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales) parenting scale, using data from two large Brazilian birth cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The original PAFAS parenting scale, which consists of 18 items (parental inconsistency 5 items, coercive parenting 5 items, positive encouragement 3 items, and parent-child relationship 5 items) was applied in two Brazilian birth cohorts in Pelotas (ages 4 [n = 4010] and 6-7 [n = 3867]) and Rio Grande (age 3 [n = 992]). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and internal consistency assessed, as well as construct validity in relation to maternal depression measured on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The model with a structure of 4 subscales showed that the global scale of parenting on the PAFAS had a good fit, but certain items did not fit well on sub-scales and were removed (2 items from parental inconsistency, 1 from coercive parenting, and 1 from positive encouragement). The original form of the parent-child relationship sub-scale was maintained. Considering the total PAFAS parenting score, we found that mothers with maternal depression had a higher likelihood of more problematic parental practices than mothers without depression.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A revised 14-item PAFAS parenting scale has good psychometric properties and we encourage its use in Brazilian populations.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.06.24313039","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T01:35:26Z","timestamp":1725672926000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) questionnaire: psychometric qualities of the parenting scale in two large Brazilian birth cohorts"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela Costa","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hugo S.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Scopel","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian Loret","family":"de Mola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisa Rachel Pisani","family":"Altafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marlos Rodrigues","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024090916350482000_2024.09.06.24313039v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psi.2015.10.003"},{"key":"2024090916350482000_2024.09.06.24313039v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jbh.20160615121755"},{"key":"2024090916350482000_2024.09.06.24313039v1.3","unstructured":"Arbuckle, J. 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