{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:45:34Z","timestamp":1768484734451,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"group-title":"Genetics","reference-count":38,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                  A\n                  <jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>\n                <\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Fatty acids (FAs) constitute a considerable fraction of all lipid molecules with a fundamental role in numerous physiological processes. In animals, the majority of complex lipid molecules are derived from the transformation of FAs through several biochemical pathways. Yet, for FAs to enroll in these pathways they require an activation step. FA activation is catalyzed by the rate limiting action of Acyl-CoA synthases. Several Acyl-CoA enzyme families have been previously described and classified according to the chain length of FA they process. Here, we address the evolutionary history of the ACSBG gene family which activates, FA with more than 16 carbons. Currently, two different ACSBG gene families,\n                  <jats:italic>ACSBG1<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>ACSBG2<\/jats:italic>\n                  , are recognized in vertebrates. We provide evidence that a wider and unequal\n                  <jats:italic>ACSBG<\/jats:italic>\n                  gene repertoire is present in vertebrate lineages. We identify a novel\n                  <jats:italic>ACSBG-like<\/jats:italic>\n                  gene lineage which occurs specifically in amphibians, ray finned fish, coelacanths and chondrichthyes named\n                  <jats:italic>ACSBG3<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Also, we show that the\n                  <jats:italic>ACSBG2<\/jats:italic>\n                  gene lineage duplicated in the Theria ancestor. Our findings, thus offer a far richer understanding on FA activation in vertebrates and provide key insights into the relevance of comparative and functional analysis to perceive physiological differences, namely those related with lipid metabolic pathways.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/288530","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T20:40:11Z","timestamp":1522010411000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expansion, retention and loss in the Acyl-CoA Synthetase\n                  <i>\u201cBubblegum\u201d<\/i>\n                  (\n                  <i>Acsbg<\/i>\n                  ) gene family in vertebrate history"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Lopes-Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2412-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Ruivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8955-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elza","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7697-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Filipe C.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.8.4896"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.01.013","article-title":"A novel Acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain subfamily member 1 (Acss1) gene indicates a dynamic history of paralogue retention and loss in vertebrates","volume":"497","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030314"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.04.013","article-title":"A novel mammalian bubblegum-related acyl-CoA synthetase restricted to testes and possibly involved in spermatogenesis","volume":"451","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)51007-3","article-title":"Studies on the cyclophorase system; the complete oxidation of fatty acids","volume":"176","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-17","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: nutritional and clinical implications - a review","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition Journal"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400100200"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi015647q"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-003-0040-1","article-title":"Evolution of the AMP-forming Acetyl-CoA Synthetase Gene in the Drosophilidae Family","volume":"57","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Evolution"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki198"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbn013"},{"key":"2019072209150472000_288530v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)51008-5","article-title":"Studies on the cyclophorase system: III. 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