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We studied the geometry of population codes in the rat auditory cortex across brain states along the activation-inactivation continuum, using sounds varying in difference and mean level across the ears. As the cortex becomes more activated, single-hemisphere populations go from preferring contralateral loud sounds to a symmetric preference across lateralisations and intensities, gain-modulation effectively disappears, and the signal and noise subspaces become approximately orthogonal to each other and to the direction corresponding to global activity modulations. Level-invariant decoding of sound lateralisation also becomes possible in the active state. Our results provide an empirical foundation for the geometry and state-dependence of cortical population codes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/501338","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T22:45:13Z","timestamp":1545259513000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["State-dependent geometry of population activity in rat auditory cortex"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Kobak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose L.","family":"Pardo-Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1717-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Machens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7916-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Renart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016827"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.2.383","article-title":"Rate-level functions of neurons in the inferior colliculus of cats measured with the use of free-field sound stimuli","volume":"65","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1888"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.73504"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08691.2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01030-4","article-title":"Sensory coding accuracy and perceptual performance are improved during the desynchronized cortical state","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797193"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/08997660260293247"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233912"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01155.2005"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00853-5"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4002"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002004"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2842"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2439"},{"key":"2019040905190053000_501338v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert Compte , Maria V Sanchez-Vives , David A McCormick , and Xiao-Jing Wang . 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