{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:37:52Z","timestamp":1768487872472,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":18,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between visual acuity (VA), total area of geographic atrophy (GA) and percentage of foveal GA.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with GA due to age-related macular degeneration. Demographics, VA, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were collected. Using FAF images aided by OCT, foveal sparing status, GA pattern, total GA size, and percentage of GA covering the foveal area - area within a 1.5 mm diameter circle centered on the fovea centralis - were assessed. Univariable and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    54 eyes (mean age 78.7 \u00b17.7 (SD), 60.0% female) were studied. Mean VA was 0.8 \u00b1 0.6 logMAR, mean total GA 8.8 \u00b1 6.7 mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and mean percentage of foveal GA was 71.5 \u00b1 30.9%. Of all assessed eyes, 48.2% (n = 26) presented with multifocal GA, and 18.5% (n = 10) had foveal sparing. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, controlling for age and GA pattern, the percentage of foveal GA presented a statistically significant association with VA (\u00df = 0.41, P = 0.004). No significant associations were observed with mean total GA size, while controlling for the same variables (\u00df = 0.010, P = 0.440).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Percentage of foveal GA was significantly associated with VA impairment, while the same was not verified for total GA area. These findings suggest that percentage of foveal GA may represent a more useful tool for assessing the impact of GA on VA. Further validation is needed in larger cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/544254","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T02:36:14Z","timestamp":1549679774000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Percentage of Foveal versus Total Macular Geographic Atrophy as a Predictor of Visual Acuity in Age-related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5165-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saghar","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Lains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Eliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Deeba","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joan W","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonide","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Demetrios","family":"Vavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.17925\/USOR.2017.10.02.119","article-title":"Advances in Age-related Macular Degeneration Understanding and Therapy","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"US Ophthalmic Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-017-0086-6","article-title":"A Review of Current and Future Management of Geographic Atrophy","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.036","article-title":"Natural History of Geographic Atrophy Progression Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Geographic Atrophy Progression Study)","volume":"123","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.016"},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.5","unstructured":"Retinal Physician. Reading and Macular Disease - available at https:\/\/www.retinalphysician.com\/issues\/2009\/september-2009\/reading-and-macular-disease. (Accessed: 26th April 2018). Retinal Physician 2009."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.025","article-title":"Evaluation of Geographic Atrophy from Color Photographs and Fundus Autofluorescence Images: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report Number 11","volume":"123","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90340-8"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0810201004","article-title":"Foveal-Sparing Scotomas in Advanced Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"102","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11804"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.10","first-page":"9-19 e11","article-title":"Regression of choroidal neovascularization results in macular atrophy in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-treated eyes","volume":"159","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980615)17:11<1261::AID-SIM846>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.12","unstructured":"Applied Longitudinal Analysis, 2nd Edition. Available at: https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Applied+Longitudinal+Analysis%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780470380277. (Accessed: 1st April 2018). Wiley."},{"key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.11.041"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.572","article-title":"Square root transformation of geographic atrophy area measurements to eliminate dependence of growth rates on baseline lesion measurements: a reanalysis of age-related eye disease study report no. 26","volume":"131","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.027","article-title":"Directional Kinetics of Geographic Atrophy Progression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Foveal Sparing","volume":"122","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000445217","article-title":"Modeling Visual Acuity in Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"235","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.17","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Three-dimensional topography of the central visual field","volume":"90","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sparing of foveal sensitivity in macular disease. Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019122309351463000_544254v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BIO61","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21210","article-title":"Combined Fundus Autofluorescence and Near Infrared Reflectance as Prognostic Biomarkers for Visual Acuity in Foveal-Sparing Geographic Atrophy","volume":"58","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/544254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:50:55Z","timestamp":1768434655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/544254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/544254","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/2474126419859454","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}