{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:19:24Z","timestamp":1768483164274,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"group-title":"Ecology","reference-count":100,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Many studies have revealed the ability of the endosymbiotic bacteria\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  to protect its arthropod hosts against diverse pathogens. However, as\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  may also increase the susceptibility of its host to infection, predicting the outcome of a particular\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  -host-pathogen interaction remains elusive. Yet, understanding such interactions is crucial for disease and pest control strategies.\n                  <jats:italic>Tetranychus urticae<\/jats:italic>\n                  spider mites are herbivorous crop pests, causing severe damage on numerous economically important crops. Due to the rapid evolution of pesticide resistance, biological control strategies using generalist entomopathogenic are being developed. However, although spider mites are infected with various\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  strains worldwide, whether this endosymbiont protects them from fungi is as yet unknown. Here, we compared the survival of two populations, treated with antibiotics or harbouring different\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  strains, after exposure to the fungal biocontrol agents\n                  <jats:italic>Metarhizium brunneum<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                  . In one population,\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  affected survival in absence of fungi but not in their presence, whereas in the other population\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  increased the mortality induced by\n                  <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                  . To control for potential effects of the bacterial community of spider mites, we also compared the susceptibility of two populations naturally uninfected by\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  , treated with antibiotics or not. The antibiotic treatment increased the susceptibility of spider mites to\n                  <jats:italic>M. brunneum<\/jats:italic>\n                  in one naturally\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  -uninfected population, but it had no effect in the other treatments. These results highlight the complexity of within-host pathogens interactions, and the importance of considering the whole bacterial community of arthropods when assessing the effect of\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  in a particular system.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/620310","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T23:56:37Z","timestamp":1556322997000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population-specific effect of\n                  <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                  on the cost of fungal infection in spider mites"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2954-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flore","family":"Z\u00e9l\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Altinta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1903-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8609-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-013-0503-0"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00731-06"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2007.00760.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvcm4g37"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78225-6_9"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.11.004"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01388"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9179-1"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121813"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12245"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150410001720617"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-s1-s1"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003896"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.05.006"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470515075"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00002-3"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/160.3.1087","article-title":"Mutualistic Wolbachia infection in Aedes albopictus: accelerating cytoplasmic drive","volume":"160","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2017.05.001"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3274"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120206"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002688"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3383"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800605"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-007-9072-3"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01820.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3852\/mycologia.99.1.7"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0455"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-018-0055-y"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.29","first-page":"329","article-title":"Studies on Rickettsia-like micro-organisms in insects","volume":"44","year":"1924","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003115"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10356"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002043"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004182"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1049-9644(02)00123-8"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/ujzru.v26i0.691"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.84"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005434"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177531"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2007.07.013"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000630"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/216383a0"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-008-9415-6"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/008.102.0412"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.2006.01112.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9180-8"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14164"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052466499"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2007.07.007"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.49","unstructured":"Migeon A , Dorkeld F (2006-2017) Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http:\/\/www.montpellier.inra.fr\/CBGP\/spmweb\/."},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.042"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1174-x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1535"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000656"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1022795407090153"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehner SA (2005) Phylogenetics of the insect pathogenic genus Beauveria . In: Vega FE , Blackwell M (eds) Insect-Fungal Associations: Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 3\u201327","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195166521.003.0001"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2164(04)54001-7"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22073\/pja.v3i1.10134"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583157.2012.695010"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9652-8"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.07.003"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2016.03.006"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.2005.659"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2008.04.006"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2004.01.017"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.myc.2017.02.002"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2740"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/C2012-0-00720-X"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02373133"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.53.1.71"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000002"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2008.00842.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.820243.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11158\/saa.22.11.11"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2010.05.008"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2012.03.005"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2014.08.003"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2009.05.001"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2011.02.007"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10355"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0249"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.05.001"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1969"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025430"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-016-0090-x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002362"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.110.122390"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00375"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/615344"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06779-w"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiy015"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0224-4"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135194"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27900"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12128"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0425-2"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.743"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2011.01984.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05526.x"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02964-08"},{"key":"2019042811050692000_620310v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01201"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/620310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:05:05Z","timestamp":1768431905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/620310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"references-count":100,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/620310","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/ece3.6015","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}