{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:40:35Z","timestamp":1768488035765,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"group-title":"Cell Biology","reference-count":89,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The early insect embryo develops as a multinucleated cell distributing the genome uniformly to the cell cortex. Mechanistic insight for nuclear positioning beyond cytoskeletal requirements is missing. Contemporary hypotheses propose actomyosin driven cytoplasmic movement transporting nuclei, or repulsion of neighbor nuclei driven by microtubule motors. Here, we show that microtubule crosslinking by Feo and Klp3A is essential for nuclear distribution and internuclear distance maintenance in\n                  <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Germline knockdown causes irregular, less dense nuclear delivery to the cell cortex and smaller distribution in\n                  <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  embryo explants. A minimal internuclear distance is maintained in explants from control embryos but not from Feo inhibited embryos, following micromanipulation assisted repositioning. A dimerization deficient Feo abolishes nuclear separation in embryo explants while the full-length protein rescues the genetic knockdown. We conclude that Feo and Klp3A crosslinking of antiparallel microtubule overlap generates a length-regulated mechanical link between neighboring microtubule asters. Enabled by a novel experimental approach, our study illuminates an essential process of embryonic multicellularity.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/859975","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T11:22:44Z","timestamp":1575285764000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Astral microtubule crosslinking safeguards uniform nuclear distribution in the\n                  <i>Drosophila<\/i>\n                  syncytium"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8589-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ojas","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7429-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"de-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7388-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana V.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4444-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo A.","family":"Telley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3131"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.09.010"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.122.1.113"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.033"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.179788"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094838"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-10-1033"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0248-4900(92)90035-Y"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200804100"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1246232"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.1637"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200907090"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2018.03.011"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.007"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100187"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49801"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000572"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.61.1.31","article-title":"Studies of nuclear and cytoplasmic behaviour during the five mitotic cycles that precede gastrulation in Drosophila embryogenesis","volume":"61","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.018"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.06.012"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.01.055"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E16-11-0806"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.02.031"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.111.4.909","article-title":"Retarded nuclear migration in Drosophila embryos with aberrant F-actin reorganization caused by maternal mutations and by cytochalasin treatment","volume":"111","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.123.3.665"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.077057"},{"key":"2021092723050796000_859975v3.27","unstructured":"Howard, J. , 2001. 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