{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:33:42Z","timestamp":1787592822220,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The c-\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    proto-oncogene has been implicated in the control of cell growth and skeletal muscle differentiation. To determine its normal functions in vivo, we have disrupted the mouse c-\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. Our results show a novel role for\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the morphogenesis of craniofacial structures and the central nervous system, and confirm its proposed function as a player in skeletal muscle development. Homozygous mutant mice show perinatal lethality resulting from exencephaly, a defect caused by failed closure of the cranial neural tube during neurulation. The timing of the neural tube defect in\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2212\/\u2212 embryos coincides with excessive apoptosis in the cranial neuroepithelium, as well as in the cranial mesenchyme. Homozygous\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants also exhibit a dramatic reduction in skeletal muscle mass, consistent with a defect in expansion of a myogenic precursor population. Nestin is an intermediate filament expressed in highly proliferative neuroepithelial stem cells and in myogenic precursors. Interestingly, we find decreased nestin expression in both the cranial neural tube and the somites of\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2212\/\u2212 embryos, compared with their normal littermates, but no reduction of nestin in the caudal neural tube. These results are consistent with a model in which\n                    <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic>\n                    activities are required for the successful expansion of a subset of precursors in the neuroepithelial or skeletal muscle lineages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.16.2029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,20]],"date-time":"2008-02-20T17:15:26Z","timestamp":1203527726000},"page":"2029-2039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Mice lacking the\n                    <i>ski<\/i>\n                    proto-oncogene have defects in neurulation, craniofacial patterning, and skeletal muscle\u2009development"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailesh Y.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Chen","family":"Heyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemencia","family":"Colmenares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111418464366000_11.16.2029.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.6.686"},{"key":"2021111418464366000_11.16.2029.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90291-2"},{"key":"2021111418464366000_11.16.2029.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.9.4929-4935.1991","article-title":"Activation of the c-ski oncogene by overexpression.","volume":"65","author":"Colmenares","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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