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Maximal transcriptional repression requires the presence of unliganded TR\/RXR heterodimers during replication-coupled chromatin assembly. We demonstrate an increase in transcription directed by the TR beta A promoter of over two orders of magnitude in vivo, following the addition of thyroid hormone. This increase in transcription involves the relief of the repressed state that is established by the unliganded TR\/RXR heterodimer during replication-coupled chromatin assembly. The association of thyroid hormone with the chromatin-bound TR\/RXR heterodimer leads to the disruption of local chromatin structure in a transcription-independent process. Thus, chromatin structure has multiple roles in the regulation of TR beta A gene expression in vivo: The TR\/RXR heterodimer recognizes the response element within chromatin, TR\/RXR makes use of the chromatin assembly process to silence transcription more efficiently, and TR\/RXR directs the disruption of local chromatin structure in response to thyroid hormone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.21.2696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T21:15:46Z","timestamp":1181078146000},"page":"2696-2711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["A role for nucleosome assembly in both silencing and activation of the Xenopus TR beta A gene by the thyroid hormone receptor."],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y B","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A P","family":"Wolffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111418261356000_9.21.2696.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04552.x","article-title":"Removal of positioned nucleosomes from the yeast PH05 promoter upon PH05 induction releases additional activating DNA elements.","volume":"5","year":"1986","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111418261356000_9.21.2696.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.10.2033"},{"key":"2021111418261356000_9.21.2696.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07164.x","article-title":"Constraints on transcriptional activator function contribute to transcriptional quiescence during early Xenopus embryogenesis.","volume":"14","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111418261356000_9.21.2696.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.19.5767"},{"key":"2021111418261356000_9.21.2696.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08145.x","article-title":"Competition between transcription complex assembly and chromatin assembly on replicating DNA.","volume":"9","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111418261356000_9.21.2696.6","first-page":"655","article-title":"Transcription complex disruption caused by a transition in chromatin structure.","volume":"11","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. 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