{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T09:52:08Z","timestamp":1770630728086,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromosome segregation requires stable bipolar attachments of spindle microtubules to kinetochores. The dynein\/dynactin motor complex localizes transiently to kinetochores and is implicated in chromosome segregation, but its role remains poorly understood. Here, we use the <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> embryo to investigate the function of kinetochore dynein by analyzing the Rod\/Zwilch\/Zw10 (RZZ) complex and the associated coiled-coil protein SPDL-1. Both components are essential for Mad2 targeting to kinetochores and spindle checkpoint activation. RZZ complex inhibition, which abolishes both SPDL-1 and dynein\/dynactin targeting to kinetochores, slows but does not prevent the formation of load-bearing kinetochore\u2013microtubule attachments and reduces the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Surprisingly, inhibition of SPDL-1, which abolishes dynein\/dynactin targeting to kinetochores without perturbing RZZ complex localization, prevents the formation of load-bearing attachments during most of prometaphase and results in extensive chromosome missegregation. Coinhibition of SPDL-1 along with the RZZ complex reduces the phenotypic severity to that observed following RZZ complex inhibition alone. We propose that the RZZ complex can inhibit the formation of load-bearing attachments and that this activity of the RZZ complex is normally controlled by dynein\/dynactin localized via SPDL-1. This mechanism could coordinate the hand-off from initial weak dynein-mediated lateral attachments, which help orient kinetochores and enhance their ability to capture microtubules, to strong end-coupled attachments that drive chromosome segregation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1687508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,2]],"date-time":"2008-09-02T17:39:38Z","timestamp":1220377178000},"page":"2385-2399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["A new mechanism controlling kinetochore\u2013microtubule interactions revealed by comparison of two dynein-targeting components: SPDL-1 and the Rod\/Zwilch\/Zw10 complex"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Reto","family":"Gassmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Essex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jia-Sheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul 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