{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T12:31:51Z","timestamp":1775305911428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The advent of complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data has ushered in a new phase of human evolutionary studies. Even quite limited volumes of complete mtDNA sequence data can now be used to identify the critical polymorphisms that define sub-clades within an mtDNA haplogroup, providing a springboard for large-scale high-resolution screening of human mtDNAs. This strategy has in the past been applied to mtDNA haplogroup V, which represents &lt;5% of European mtDNAs. Here we adopted a similar approach to haplogroup H, by far the most common European haplogroup, which at lower resolution displayed a rather uninformative frequency distribution within Europe. Using polymorphism information derived from the growing complete mtDNA sequence database, we sequenced 1580 base pairs of targeted coding-region segments of the mtDNA genome in 649 individuals harboring mtDNA haplogroup H from populations throughout Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. The enhanced genealogical resolution clearly shows that sub-clades of haplogroup H have highly distinctive geographical distributions. The patterns of frequency and diversity suggest that haplogroup H entered Europe from the Near East \u223c20,000\u201325,000 years ago, around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and some sub-clades re-expanded from an Iberian refugium when the glaciers retreated \u223c15,000 years ago. This shows that a large fraction of the maternal ancestry of modern Europeans traces back to the expansion of hunter-gatherer populations at the end of the last Ice Age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3182305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,4]],"date-time":"2005-01-04T05:57:33Z","timestamp":1104818253000},"page":"19-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["High-resolution mtDNA evidence for the late-glacial resettlement of Europe from an Iberian refugium"],"prefix":"10.1101","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Goios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Albarr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Doron M.","family":"Behar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mukaddes","family":"G\u00f6lge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ji\u0159i","family":"Hatina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lihadh","family":"Al-Gazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Macaulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"246","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425590"},{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13779"},{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/141.2.743","volume":"141","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201156"},{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.5","unstructured":"Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., Menozzi, P., and Piazza, A. 1994. The history and geography of human genes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ."},{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320591"},{"key":"2021111811000604000_15.1.19.7","first-page":"935","volume":"59","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. 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