{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:01:04Z","timestamp":1790895664907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52072102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52072102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12504204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12504204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12235015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12235015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017668","name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023z04020008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023z04020008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WK9990000118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK9990000118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology","award":["2021ZD0302800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0302800"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China"},{"name":"CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research","award":["YSBR-046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"abstract":"\n Ferroelectric metals, traditionally considered mutually exclusive, face enduring challenges owing to screening effects of itinerant electrons on ferroelectric order. However, in certain van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, two-dimensional materials with distinct structural and physical properties can be alternatingly arranged in layers, retaining their individual characteristics and thereby enabling the coexistence of ferroelectricity and metallicity. Here, we report the coexistence of robust in-plane ferroelectricity and exceptional metallicity in a natural vdW superlattice\n \n \n \n \n (<\/a:mo>\n SnSe<\/a:mtext>\n )<\/a:mo>\n <\/a:mrow>\n \n 1.16<\/a:mn>\n <\/a:mrow>\n <\/a:msub>\n (<\/a:mo>\n \n \n NbSe<\/a:mtext>\n <\/a:mrow>\n \n 2<\/a:mn>\n <\/a:mrow>\n <\/a:msub>\n )<\/a:mo>\n <\/a:mrow>\n <\/a:math>\n crystal, exhibiting high-density carriers (\n \n \n ><\/g:mo>\n \n \n 10<\/g:mn>\n <\/g:mrow>\n \n 21<\/g:mn>\n <\/g:mrow>\n <\/g:msup>\n \u2009<\/g:mtext>\n \u2009<\/g:mtext>\n \n \n cm<\/g:mi>\n <\/g:mrow>\n \n \u2212<\/g:mo>\n 3<\/g:mn>\n <\/g:mrow>\n <\/g:msup>\n <\/g:mrow>\n <\/g:math>\n ), superconductivity (\n \n \n \n \n T<\/j:mi>\n <\/j:mrow>\n \n c<\/j:mi>\n <\/j:mrow>\n <\/j:msub>\n \u2009<\/j:mtext>\n \u223c<\/j:mo>\n 3.25<\/j:mn>\n \u2009<\/j:mtext>\n \u2009<\/j:mtext>\n K<\/j:mi>\n <\/j:mrow>\n <\/j:math>\n ), and Curie temperature up to 383\u00a0K. The weak-coupling electronic and phononic natures stabilize in-plane ferroelectricity against screening by high-density carriers, confirming the decoupled electron mechanism. Moreover, we demonstrate the first ferroelectric memristor, where the metallic channel conductance is manipulated through polarization dynamics. Our Letter establishes a universal platform for designing multi-order parameters quantum-confined materials, and opens new avenues for energy-efficient functional electronics.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/24j9-8g8v","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T12:24:10Z","timestamp":1761913450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Coexistence of Ferroelectricity and Metallicity in Weakly Coupled\n \n \n \n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n SnSe<\/mml:mtext>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n 1.16<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n (<\/mml:mo>\n \n \n \n NbSe<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n Crystal"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3434-5694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c4dkn09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c4dkn09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hy87220","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Henan Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7920-6914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the 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Supplemental Material at http:\/\/link.aps.org\/supplemental\/10.1103\/24j9-8g8v for information about the material and methods, crystal structure through STEM and STM, superconducting STS cuver, ferroelectric PFM and SHG datas, band structures, ferroelectric phase transition, and energy double potential well calculated by first principles, dispersion by ARPES, Raman spectra, memristor measurement method, and Table of comparative survey, which includes Refs.\u00a0[35\u201342].","type":"other"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc35R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/aaa212","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc36R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.17953","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc37R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0927-0256(96)00008-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc38R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc39R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3382344","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc40R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.73.195107","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc41R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.236403","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2021.108033","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc43R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3527","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c02357","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc45R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3538","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc46R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206078","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc47R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmat.2022.09.011","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc48R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16291-9","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc49R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210894","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc50R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31954-5","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc51R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b00726","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc52R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.097601","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc53R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b00633","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc54R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.7.L041801","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc55R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.2.064002","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc56R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2327","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc57R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00484-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc58R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202201031","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc59R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42510-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc60R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/aad575","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc61R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj9979","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc62R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chip.2023.100044","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc63R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501676","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"24j9-8g8vCc64R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.17599532","type":"dataset"}],"container-title":["Physical 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Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"Published by the American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2025","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"creative_commons_license","label":"Creative Commons license","group":{"name":"licenses","label":"Licenses"}},{"value":"\u00a92025 The authors","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"236802"}}