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Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A terrestrial population of room-temperature millicharged particles can arise if they make up a dark matter subcomponent or if they are light enough to be produced in cosmic ray air showers. In a companion paper, we showed that a simple electrified shell acts as an efficient accumulator for such particles, parametrically enhancing their local density by many orders of magnitude. Here we demonstrate that Cavendish tests of Coulomb\u2019s Law, performed since the late 18th century, function as both quasistatic accumulators and detectors for this overdensity. Reinterpretations of these past Cavendish tests thus provide some of the strongest bounds on a terrestrial millicharge population. We also propose surrounding a Cavendish test with an additional charged shell, which significantly improves the sensitivity and can even enable detection of the irreducible density of millicharged particles generated from cosmic rays. Using decades-old technology, this can outperform future accelerator searches for sub-GeV masses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/83fd-mnpk","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:36:08Z","timestamp":1776710168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cavendish Tests of Millicharged Particles"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1156-1482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asher","family":"Berlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020hgte69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020hgte69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center 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Soc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0503","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc37R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.26.721","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc38R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1119\/1.13149","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc39R1","volume-title":"Physical Kinetics","author":"Landau","year":"1979","type":"book"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc40R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.011801","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc41R1","unstructured":"See Supplemental Material at http:\/\/link.aps.org\/supplemental\/10.1103\/83fd-mnpk derives the induced mCP charge density inside a driven conducting shell across ballistic, collisional, and self-scattering regimes. We then decompose the accumulation efficiency factors (diffusion, gravity, room, binding) and derives the high-frequency suppression that exponentially damps the signal when the voltage oscillation is faster than the mCP transit time. Figures S1\u2013S3 present the model-independent projected sensitivity of a vacuum accumulator-shell setup and the recast limits from past Plimpton-Lawton and BGP Cavendish experiments, compared against ion-trap bounds. A final section discusses the model dependencies of Cavendish tests.","type":"other"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-2693(86)91377-8","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc43R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.127.061804","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"83fd-mnpkCc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.99.075001","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/83fd-mnpk","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/83fd-mnpk\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:46:48Z","timestamp":1783687608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/83fd-mnpk"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/83fd-mnpk","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.48550\/arXiv.2510.25825","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-17","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"Published by the American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2026","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"creative_commons_license","label":"Creative Commons license","group":{"name":"licenses","label":"Licenses"}},{"value":"\u00a92026 The authors","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"021804"}}